The organic semiconductor polymers relate to polymers containing an indolo-naphthyridine-6,13-dione thiophene (INDT) chromophore. The organic semiconductor polymers are formed by polymerizing INDT monomer with thiophene to obtain a conjugated polymer of the chromophore linked by thiophene monomers (INDT-T), with phenyl to obtain a conjugated polymer of the chromophore linked by phenyl monomers (INDT-P), with selenophene to obtain a conjugated polymer of the chromophore linked by selenophene monomers (INDT-S), or with benzothiadazole to obtain a conjugated polymer of the chromophore linked by benzothiadazole monomers (INDT-BT).

The present invention generally relates to electrochromic compounds and the uses thereof, particularly to series of fluoroalkyl 3,4-dioxythiophene compounds and their electrochromic polymers or co-polymers. Both compositions and process for manufacturing thereof are in the scope of this invention.

An electrochromic polymer is comprised of a repeat unit comprising one or more meta-conjugated linkers (MCLs) and one or more aromatic moieties (Ars). Each of the one or more MCLs is partially conjugated with the one or more Ars at meta positions of the MCLs to form a polymer backbone of the electrochromic polymer. The electrochromic polymer undergoes an optical switching and a color change in an electrochromic device, which shows a high transparency and a high optical contrast.

Provided herein are black-to-transmissive electrochromic polymers having superior properties such as absorbance of across the entire visible spectrum and an obvious color change from black to transmissive with an applied voltage. Provided also include methods for synthesizing or using the same. The black-to-transmissive electrochromic polymer thin films may comprise the black-to-transmissive electrochromic polymers, as well as electrochromic devices comprising the black-to-transmissive electrochromic polymers or thin films.

The organic semiconductor polymers relate to polymers containing an indolo-naphthyridine-6,13-dione thiophene (INDT) chromophore. The organic semiconductor polymers are formed by polymerizing INDT monomer with thiophene to obtain a conjugated polymer of the chromophore linked by thiophene monomers (INDT-T), with phenyl to obtain a conjugated polymer of the chromophore linked by phenyl monomers (INDT-P), with selenophene to obtain a conjugated polymer of the chromophore linked by selenophene monomers (INDT-S), or with benzothiadazole to obtain a conjugated polymer of the chromophore linked by benzothiadazole monomers (INDT-BT).

Electrochromic polymers that include a plurality of -conjugated chromophores in spaced relation with one another, and a plurality of conjugation-break spacers (CBSs), where at least one CBS separates adjacent chromophores, are provided. The chromophores may be colored in the neutral state, and multicolored to transmissive in different oxidation states.

The present application relates to an electrochromic composite, an electrochromic device comprising the same, and a method for manufacturing an electrochromic device.

Co-polymers formed from at least one monomer of formula (A) and at least one monomer of formula (B): (A) (B) wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and L are as defined herein; may be dispersed or dissolved in an organic solvent which optionally contains carbon nanostructures. A substrate coated or printed with the dispersion or solution may be used in an electrochromic device.

Described herein are compositions comprising hole carrier materials, typically conjugated polymers, and fluoropolymers ink compositions comprising hole carrier materials and fluoropolymers, and uses thereof, for example, in organic electronic devices.

Embodiments of the invention are directed to yellow/orange-to-transmissive conjugated polymers, a method to prepare the yellow/orange conjugated polymers, and an electrochromic and/or electroluminescent device comprising the neutral state yellow/orange conjugated polymers as one of a plurality of primary subtractive colored conjugated polymers. The yellow/orange conjugated polymers show enhanced redox stability and can have a (D.sub.2Ar.sub.z).sub.n structure with a dioxyheterocycle repeating unit or a (DAr.sub.z).sub.n structure with a dioxythiophene monomer that has at least one substituted carbon to an oxygen of the monomer; and where the one to three Ar groups have at least one carbon to the carbon attached to a D unit substituted that has at least 5 atoms in the substituent. The yellow/orange conjugated polymers show enhanced redox stability. The yellow/orange conjugated polymers are prepared by cross-condensation reactions.