Provided are: a highly durable polymer having a high hole-injection/transport capacity; and a composition for an organic electroluminescent element, which contains the polymer. The polymer contains a repeating unit represented by the following Formula (1) or a repeating unit represented by the following Formula (2) (wherein, Ar.sup.1 and Ar.sup.2 each represent an aromatic hydrocarbon group optionally having a substituent, or an aromatic heterocyclic group optionally having a substituent; X represents C(R.sup.7)(R.sup.8), N(R.sup.9), or C(R.sup.11)(R.sup.12)C(R.sup.13)(R.sup.14); R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 as well as R.sup.3 and R.sup.6 each independently represent an alkyl group optionally having a substituent; R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 each independently represent an alkyl group optionally having a substituent, an alkoxy group optionally having a substituent, or an aralkyl group optionally having a substituent; and R.sup.7 to R.sup.9 and R.sup.11 to R.sup.14 each independently represent hydrogen, an alkyl group optionally having a substituent, an aralkyl group optionally having a substituent, or an aromatic hydrocarbon group optionally having a substituent).

##STR00001##

The present invention relates to a method for the polymerization of cycloolefins by ring-opening metathesis. The reaction is carried out in the presence of at least one particular catalyst, selected from the ruthenium alkylidene complexes comprising at least one 1-aryl-3-cycloalkyl-imidazolin-2-ylidene ligand and mixtures thereof. The invention also relates to a kit for implementing this method.

The present disclosure relates to a conjugated polymer for a low-temperature process, which is capable of forming a uniform thin film over a large area without a heat treatment process due to superior solubility and crystallinity at low temperature and, thus, allows fabrication of an organic solar cell with high efficiency at low temperature.

A conductive polymer dispersion of this disclosure includes: a conductive composite containing a n-conjugated conductive polymer and a polyanion; an isocyanurate-based compound; and a dispersion medium for dispersing the conductive composite.

One embodiment relates to an organic electronic material containing a charge transport polymer, wherein the charge transport polymer is a polymer which, when 25 L portions of methanol are added dropwise and stirred into 1,000 L of a solution containing the charge transport polymer and toluene in a ratio of 20 mg of the charge transport polymer per 2,290 L of toluene, the amount of methanol added by the time cloudiness develops in the solution is greater than 350 L.

A conductive polymer dispersion of this disclosure includes: a conductive composite containing a -conjugated conductive polymer and a polyanion; an isocyanurate-based compound; and a dispersion medium for dispersing the conductive composite.

Described herein are associative polymers capable of controlling a physical and/or chemical property of non-polar compositions and related compositions, methods and systems. Associative polymers herein described have a non-polar backbone and functional groups presented at ends of the non-polar backbone, with a number of the functional groups presented at the ends of the non-polar backbone formed by associative functional groups capable of undergoing an associative interaction with another associative functional group with an association constant (k) such that the strength of each associative interaction is less than the strength of a covalent bond between atoms and in particular less than the strength of a covalent bond between backbone atoms.

Provided are: a highly durable polymer having a high hole-injection/transport capacity; and a composition for an organic electroluminescent element, which contains the polymer. The polymer contains a repeating unit represented by the following Formula (1) or a repeating unit represented by the following Formula (2) (wherein, Ar.sup.1 and Ar.sup.2 each represent an aromatic hydrocarbon group optionally having a substituent, or an aromatic heterocyclic group optionally having a substituent; X represents C(R.sup.7)(R.sup.8), N(R.sup.9), or C(R.sup.11)(R.sup.12)C(R.sup.13)(R.sup.14); R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 as well as R.sup.3 and R.sup.6 each independently represent an alkyl group optionally having a substituent; R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 each independently represent an alkyl group optionally having a substituent, an alkoxy group optionally having a substituent, or an aralkyl group optionally having a substituent; and R.sup.7 to R.sup.9 and R.sup.11 to R.sup.14 each independently represent hydrogen, an alkyl group optionally having a substituent, an aralkyl group optionally having a substituent, or an aromatic hydrocarbon group optionally having a substituent).

##STR00001##

Provided are: a highly durable polymer having a high hole-injection/transport capacity; and a composition for an organic electroluminescent element, which contains the polymer. The polymer contains a repeating unit represented by the following Formula (1) or a repeating unit represented by the following Formula (2) (wherein, Ar.sup.1 and Ar.sup.2 each represent an aromatic hydrocarbon group optionally having a substituent, or an aromatic heterocyclic group optionally having a substituent; X represents C(R.sup.7)(R.sup.8), N(R.sup.9), or C(R.sup.11)(R.sup.12)C(R.sup.13)(R.sup.14); R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 as well as R.sup.3 and R.sup.6 each independently represent an alkyl group optionally having a substituent; R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 each independently represent an alkyl group optionally having a substituent, an alkoxy group optionally having a substituent, or an aralkyl group optionally having a substituent; and R.sup.7 to R.sup.9 and R.sup.11 to R.sup.14 each independently represent hydrogen, an alkyl group optionally having a substituent, an aralkyl group optionally having a substituent, or an aromatic hydrocarbon group optionally having a substituent). ##STR00001##

Described herein are associative polymers capable of controlling a physical and/or chemical property of non-polar compositions and related compositions, methods and systems. Associative polymers herein described have a non-polar backbone and functional groups presented at ends of the non-polar backbone, with a number of the functional groups presented at the ends of the non-polar backbone formed by associative functional groups capable of undergoing an associative interaction with another associative functional group with an association constant (k) such that the strength of each associative interaction is less than the strength of a covalent bond between atoms and in particular less than the strength of a covalent bond between backbone atoms.