Described herein are associative polymers capable of controlling a physical and/or chemical property of non-polar compositions and related compositions, methods and systems. Associative polymers herein described have a non-polar backbone and functional groups presented at ends of the non-polar backbone, with a number of the functional groups presented at the ends of the non-polar backbone formed by associative functional groups capable of undergoing an associative interaction with another associative functional group with an association constant (k) such that the strength of each associative interaction is less than the strength of a covalent bond between atoms and in particular less than the strength of a covalent bond between backbone atoms.

Yellow electrochromic polymers (ECPs) are prepared that display a yellow neutral state and a highly transmissive oxidized state. The ECPs are copolymers where a dyad of dioxyhetereocyclic repeating unis alternate with a monad of an aromatic repeating unit. An alternate yellow ECP has an oxidation potential of 450 mV or less and is an alternating copolymer of an acyclic dioxythiophene (AcDOT) or a propylene dioxythiophene (ProDOT) with an aromatic repeating unit that has an electron donating substituent. The yellow ECPs can be processed from solution for electrochromic devices.

Described herein are associative polymers capable of controlling a physical and/or chemical property of non-polar compositions and related compositions, methods and systems. Associative polymers herein described have a non-polar backbone and functional groups presented at ends of the non-polar backbone, with a number of the functional groups presented at the ends of the non-polar backbone formed by associative functional groups capable of undergoing an associative interaction with another associative functional group with an association constant (k) such that the strength of each associative interaction is less than the strength of a covalent bond between atoms and in particular less than the strength of a covalent bond between backbone atoms.

An oligomer, composition, and composite material employing the same are provided. The oligomer can be a reaction product of a reactant (a) and a reactant (b). The reactant (a) is a reaction product of a reactant (c) and a reactant (d). The reactant (b) can be ##STR00001##
or a combination thereof, wherein a is 0 or 1, and R.sup.1 is independently hydrogen or ##STR00002##
and wherein b is 0-6; c is 0 or 1; and, d is 0-6. The reactant (c) is ##STR00003##
wherein R.sup.2 is C.sub.5-10 alkyl group. The reactant (d) is ##STR00004##
wherein e is 0-10.

A conductive polymer dispersion of this disclosure includes: a conductive composite containing a -conjugated conductive polymer and a polyanion; an isocyanurate-based compound; and a dispersion medium for dispersing the conductive composite.

Described herein are associative polymers capable of controlling a physical and/or chemical property of non-polar compositions and related compositions, methods and systems. Associative polymers herein described have a non-polar backbone and functional groups presented at ends of the non-polar backbone, with a number of the functional groups presented at the ends of the non-polar backbone formed by associative functional groups capable of undergoing an associative interaction with another associative functional group with an association constant (k) such that the strength of each associative interaction is less than the strength of a covalent bond between atoms and in particular less than the strength of a covalent bond between backbone atoms.

There is a polymeric photovoltaic cell (or solar cell) with inverted structure having an anode; an anodic buffer layer; an active layer having at least one photoactive organic polymer as electron-donor and at least one electron-accepting organic compound; a cathodic buffer layer; and a cathode. The at least one photoactive organic polymer is selected from conjugated polymers comprising an anthraditiophenic derivative having a general formula (I): ##STR00001## The polymeric photovoltaic cell (or solar cell) with inverted structure shows good values of power conversion efficiency (PCE) (?) and can be advantageously used in the construction of photovoltaic modules (or solar modules), either on a rigid support or on a flexible support.

Provided is a methacrylic resin shaped product having high heat resistance, highly controlled birefringence, and excellent color tone and transparency. The methacrylic resin shaped product comprises a methacrylic resin or a composition containing the methacrylic resin. The methacrylic resin includes a structural unit (B) having a cyclic structure including at least one structural unit selected from the group consisting of an N-substituted maleimide structural unit (B-1) and a lactone ring structural unit (B-2) in a main chain, and has a glass transition temperature of higher than 120 C. and not higher than 160 C. Methanol-soluble content in the methacrylic resin is 5 mass % or less relative to 100 mass %, in total, of the methanol-soluble content and methanol-insoluble content. Yellowness index (YI) measured with respect to a 20 w/v % chloroform solution of the methanol-insoluble content using a 10 cm optical path length cell is 0 to 7.

Polyarylene polymers formed from an aromatic dialkyne monomer having a solubility enhancing moiety and having relatively high weight average molecular weights and a relatively low polydispersity show improved solubility in certain organic solvents and are useful in forming relatively thick dielectric material layers in a single coating step.

Polyarylene oligomer compositions capable of curing at lower temperatures than conventional polyarylene oligomers are useful in forming dielectric material layers in electronics applications.