Water-soluble, fluorescent particles and compositions, kits, and methods of making and using such particles are disclosed. Processes for preparing fluorescent particles and for controlling the size, polydispersity and optical properties of such particles also are provided.

Provided are a polymer containing S,S-dioxide-dibenzothiophene in backbone chain with content-adjustable triarylamine end groups, and a preparation method and an application thereof. Triarylamines hole-transport small molecules are introduced into the polymer end group, and a content of the triarylamine end groups can be adjusted by controlling a polymer molecular weight, so that the polymer has better electron-transport and hole-transport capabilities, and charge carrier transport can be balanced, so that more exciton recombination takes place effectively, thus improving the luminous efficiency and stability of the polymer. The polymer is prepared by a Suzuki polymerization reaction and does not require synthesis of new monomers. The polymer material is used for preparing highly effective and stable monolayer devices, and is dissolved directly in an organic solvent, then spin-coated, ink-jet printed, or printed to form a film.

An anion exchange membrane is made by mixing 2 trifluoroMethyl Ketone [nominal] (1.12 g, 4.53 mmol), 1 Biphenyl (0.70 g, 4.53 mmol), methylene chloride (3.0 mL), trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TFSA) (3.0 mL) to produce a pre-polymer. The pre-polymer is then functionalized to produce an anion exchange polymer. The pre-polymer may be functionalized with trimethylamine in solution with water. The pre-polymer may be imbibed into a porous scaffold material, such as expanded polytetrafluoroethylene to produce a composite anion exchange membrane.

An allyl-containing resin is provided. The allyl-containing resin comprises a repeating unit comprising a structural unit represented by the following formula (I): ##STR00001## wherein, R.sub.1 to R.sub.3 in formula (I) are as defined in the specification; the Fourier transform infrared spectrum of the allyl-containing resin has a signal intensity “a” from 1650 cm.sup.−1 to 1630 cm.sup.−1 and a signal intensity “b” from 1620 cm.sup.−1 to 1560 cm.sup.−1, and 0<a/b≤1.20; and the quantitative .sup.1H-NMR spectrum of the allyl-containing resin has a signal intensity “c” from 3.2 ppm to 6.2 ppm and a signal intensity “d” from 6.6 ppm to 7.4 ppm, and 0<c/d≤1.20.

The invention is directed to a conjugate having the general formula (I) With AR, MU and L1 as repeating units of a polymer MU is a polymer modifying unit or band gap modifying unit that is evenly or randomly distributed along the polymer main chain, L1 is an aryl or a heteroaryl group evenly or randomly distributed along the polymer, L2 is an aryl or a heteroaryl group located on the ends of the polymer, FL is a fluorescent moiety, G1 and G2 stand for hydrogen, halogen or an antigen recognizing moiety, with the provision than at least one of G1 or G2 is an antigen recognizing moiety, characterized in that AR is connected in the polymer chain via the 2,2′ or 3,3′ or 5,5′ or 6,6′ or 7,7′ or 8,8′ position according to general formula (II)

##STR00001##

Provided are a method for producing an anion exchange resin which is capable of producing an electrolyte membrane with excellent mechanical property (strength).

A monomer for forming a hydrophobic group is reacted with a monomer for forming a hydrophilic group in the presence of bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)nickel(0) as a catalyst, 2,2′-bipyridine as a co-ligand, a bromide or an iodide as a co-catalyst, and a reducing agent to produce an anion exchange resin where the hydrophobic group is connected to the hydrophilic group via direct bond, in which a mole number of bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)nickel(0) is 0.3 to 1.8 times a total mole number of the monomer for forming a hydrophobic group and the monomer for forming a hydrophilic group.

The present invention provides novel polymer compounds and methods and processes for polymerizing and synthesizing the new polymers by post-modifying conjugated polymers bearing unsaturated functionalities. The post-modifications are facilitated by light-mediated initiators, thermal initiators, redox-based initiators, small molecule-based initiators, or a combination thereof. Syntheses and post-modifications are carried out to high conversion via thiol-ene “click” chemistry-based mechanisms. The products comprise monomeric, oligomeric, and polymeric materials with easily-accessible pendant functionalities which impart new, distinct, and/or improved properties.

A conductive polymer dispersion of this disclosure includes: a conductive composite containing a π-conjugated conductive polymer and a polyanion; an isocyanurate-based compound; and a dispersion medium for dispersing the conductive composite.

A method for synthesizing a poly(phenylene) with high ion selectivity comprises dissolving an alkyl halide poly(phenylene) in a polar aprotic solvent to form a nonaqueous solution and adding an anhydrous nucleophile to the nonaqueous solution to replace the halide of the alkyl halide poly(phenylene) with a cationic group of the nucleophile. The poly(phenylene) can be used in anion exchange membranes.

Modified thermoplastic hydrocarbon thermoplastic resins are provided, as well as methods of their manufacture and uses thereof in rubber compositions. The modified thermoplastic resins are modified by decreasing the relative quantity of the dimer, trimer, tetramer, and pentamer oligomers as compared to the corresponding unmodified thermoplastic resin polymers, resulting in a product that exhibits a greater shift in the glass transition temperature of the elastomer(s) used in tire formulations. This translates to better viscoelastic predictors of tire tread performance, such as wet grip and rolling resistance. The modified thermoplastic resins impart remarkable properties on various rubber compositions, such as tires, belts, hoses, brakes, and the like. Automobile tires incorporating the modified thermoplastic resins are shown to possess excellent results in balancing the properties of rolling resistance, tire wear, snow performance, and wet braking performance.