“Black” photoactive materials that comprise synthetic eumelanin polymers are provided, as are methods of making and using the polymers. The synthetic eumelanin polymers are made from the plant oil vanillin, and exhibit defined structural and chemical characteristics (e.g. homogeneity, solubility, etc.) that make them suitable for use in devices that require photoactive materials, such as solar cells.

The invention relates to a photodiode, like an photovoltaic (OPV) cell or photodetector (OPD), comprising, between the photoactive layer and an electrode, a hole selective layer (HSL) for modifying the work function of the electrode and/or the photoactive layer, wherein the HSL comprises a fluoropolymer and optionally a conductive polymer, and to a composition comprising such a fluoropolymer and a conductive polymer.

Polymerize ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) in a polymerization process using dinonylnaphthalenesulfonic acid (DNNSA) as the dopant and Fe(III) p-toluenesulfonate (Fe (III) p-TSA) as the oxidizing agent to produce an organically soluble polyethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT).

The invention relates to novel organic semiconducting (OSC) random copolymers containing a halo-substituted 4,8-dithiophenyl-benzodithiophene unit and a benzodithiophene-dione unit, to methods for their preparation and educts or intermediates used therein, to compositions and formulations containing them, to the use of the copolymers and compositions as organic semiconductors in, or for the preparation of, organic electronic (OE) devices, especially organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices, perovskite-based solar cell (PSC) devices, organic photodetectors (OPD), organic field effect transistors (OFET) and organic light emitting diodes (OLED), and to OE devices comprising these copolymers or compositions.

The present invention relates to a formulation comprising at least one crosslinkable polymer and at least one organic solvent, wherein the at least one crosslinkable polymer is contained in the formulation in a concentration of at least 0.5 g/L, wherein the at least one organic solvent has a boiling point of at least 200° C., characterized in that the solubility of the at least one crosslinkable polymer in the at least one organic solvent is such that the crosslinkable polymer at a concentration of 30 g/L starts to precipitate if 60 vol.-% or less of ethanol is added to the formulation, to the use of these formulations for the preparation of electronic or optoelectronic devices, to a process for the preparation of electronic or optoelectronic devices using these formulations as well as to electronic or optoelectronic devices.

The present disclosure presents a disulfide containing monomer, its reduced form, its derivative, the synthesis method of this disulfide containing monomer, and the polymer containing the monomers disclosed thereof

A composition comprising: ##STR00001##
wherein the compositional ratio of x/y ranges from about 1/99 to about 99/1, and n ranges from 1 to 1,000,000. Additionally, in this composition, R′ and R″ are independently selected from: H, unsubstituted or substituted branched alkyls with 1 to 60 carbon atoms, or unsubstituted or substituted linear alkyls with 1 to 60 carbon atoms.

There is a benzodithiophene conjugated polymer of general formula (1):

##STR00001##

There are also photovoltaic devices having the polymer. There are also organic devices having the polymer.

A method to produce ##STR00001##

The invention relates to novel organic semiconducting compounds containing a polycyclic unit, to methods for their preparation and educts or intermediates used therein, to compositions, polymer blends and formulations containing them, to the use of the compounds, compositions and polymer blends as organic semiconductors in, or for the preparation of, organic electronic (OE) devices, especially organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices, perovskite-based solar cell (PSC) devices, organic photodetectors (OPD), organic field effect transistors (OFET) and organic light emitting diodes (OLED), and to OE, OPV, PSC, OPD, OFET and OLED devices comprising these compounds, compositions or polymer blends.