Provided is a synthesis process for the one-step production of a monomeric polyether for polycarboxylic acid water reducing agents, wherein the monomeric polyether is synthesized in one step by mixing an initator and a catalyst at a temperature and a pressure, and then introducing same into a reaction kettle together with an epoxide at a certain ratio for ring opening polymerization. The synthesis process of the present invention realizes continuous production without the need of first synthesizing a prepolymer and then synthesizing a macromolecular monomeric polyether step by step, thereby improving the production efficiency. By separating four links, i.e. displacement, polymerization, curing and neutralization, in conventional monomeric polyether production processes, the present invention more effectively controls each of the links and increases the utilization efficiency of the reaction kettle; in addition, the process is easy to control, the structure of the product is stable, and the retention of double-bonds is high.

The present invention provides a composition comprising branched polyglycerol for controlling freezing, more specifically, the composition has a number average molecular weight of 1,000 to 20,000 g/mol and a branching of 0.1 to 1, and may control enhancement or inhibition of ice recrystallization by adjusting a content of polyglycerol.

The present invention provides, among other things, compounds that include a water-soluble and non-peptidic polymer as well as a maleimidyl group. The compounds are useful as, among other things, polymeric reagents.

The invention contemplates certain polyethers, polyether derivatives, and methods of making and using those same polymers. For example, the starting materials can, e.g., citronellol, prenol, isocitronellol and isoprenol.

The invention contemplates certain polyethers, polyether derivatives, and methods of making and using those same polymers. For example, the starting materials can, e.g., citronellol, prenol, isocitronellol and isoprenol.

A method of producing a polyether polyol includes reacting a low molecular weight initiator with ethylene oxide in the presence of a polymerization catalyst, and the low molecular weight initiator has a nominal hydroxyl functionality at least 2. The polymerization catalyst is a Lewis acid catalyst having the general formula M(R.sup.1).sub.1(R.sup.2).sub.1(R.sup.3).sub.1(R.sup.4)0 or 1, whereas M is boron, aluminum, indium, bismuth or erbium, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 are each independent, R.sup.1 includes a fluoroalkyl-substituted phenyl group, R.sup.2 incudes a fluoroalkyl-substituted phenyl group or a fluoro/chloro-substituted phenyl group, R.sup.3 includes a fluoroalkyl-substituted phenyl group or a fluoro/chloro-substituted phenyl group, and optional R.sup.4 includes a functional group or functional polymer group, R.sup.1 being different from at least one of R.sup.2 and R.sup.3.

Provided is a compound with which a lubricant having excellent adhesion to a magnetic disk, particularly to a protective layer can be provided. A perfluoropolyether compound in accordance with one aspect of this invention has a structure in which two perfluoropolyethers are bonded to each other through an aliphatic ether, the aliphatic ether including a carbon atom to which a primary alcohol is bonded.

A rigid foam including the reaction product of an (poly)isocyanate, and a polyethercarbonate polyol copolymer is described. The polyethercarbonate polyol copolymer is derived from the copolymerisation of one or more epoxides with CO2, wherein the total-CO2 content of the polyethercarbonate polyol copolymer is between 1 and 40 wt %, the carbonate linkages are <95% of the total linkages from the copolymerisation, and the molecular weight is between 100 to 5000 g/mol. The foam is a polyurethane foam, more typically, a polyisocyanurate or a mixed polyisocyanurate/polyurethane foam. Methods, polyols and compositions for producing the foams are also described.

Provided are a photocurable resin composition that can be suitably used for an optical three-dimensional shaping method, and a cured product obtained by photocuring the composition and a three-dimensional shaped object including the cured product. The photocurable resin composition contains a compound represented by the formula (1) and a compound containing two or more epoxy groups.

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A method of producing an alcohol ethoxylate surfactant or lubricant, the method including reacting a low molecular weight initiator with ethylene oxide in the presence of a polymerization catalyst, the low molecular weight initiator having a nominal hydroxyl functionality at least 1, and the polymerization catalyst being a Lewis acid catalyst having the general formula M(R.sup.1).sub.1(R.sup.2).sub.1(R.sup.3).sub.1(R.sup.4).sub.0 or 1, whereas M is boron, aluminum, indium, bismuth or erbium, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 are each independent, R.sup.1 includes a first fluoroalkyl-substituted phenyl group, R.sup.2 includes a second fluoroalkyl-substituted phenyl group or a first fluoro/chloro-substituted phenyl group, R.sup.3 includes a third fluoroalkyl-substituted phenyl group or a second fluoro/chloro-substituted phenyl group, and optional R.sup.4 includes a functional group or functional polymer group, R.sup.1 being different from at least one of R.sup.2 and R.sup.3. The method further including forming an alcohol ethoxylate surfactant or lubricant having a number average molecular weight of greater than the number average molecular weight of the low molecular weight initiator in the presence of the Lewis acid catalyst.