A method for detecting or comparing mechanical strength of macro-molecular polymer materials. The detecting method has the steps of measuring the mechanical strength and the maximum value of the fluorescence absorption spectrum of each of the plurality of samples to form a curve relationship or function relationship between the maximum value of the fluorescence absorption spectrum and the mechanical strength; measuring the maximum value of the fluorescence absorption spectrum of the target material, and using the curve relationship or the function relationship to obtain the mechanical strength of the target material. The plurality of samples and the target material are both prepared from a macro-molecular polymer, and the macro-molecular polymer may be composed of disulfonate-difluorobenzophenone, hydroxyindole and difluorobenzophenone as monomers, and the sulfonate groups of the disulfonate-difluorobenzophenone have metal cations. An object of the method is to identify mechanical properties of polymer materials by fluorescence nondestructive detection.

A method for detecting or comparing mechanical strength of macro-molecular polymer materials. The detecting method has the steps of measuring the mechanical strength and the maximum value of the fluorescence absorption spectrum of each of the plurality of samples to form a curve relationship or function relationship between the maximum value of the fluorescence absorption spectrum and the mechanical strength; measuring the maximum value of the fluorescence absorption spectrum of the target material, and using the curve relationship or the function relationship to obtain the mechanical strength of the target material. The plurality of samples and the target material are both prepared from a macro-molecular polymer, and the macro-molecular polymer may be composed of disulfonate-difluorobenzophenone, hydroxyindole and difluorobenzophenone as monomers, and the sulfonate groups of the disulfonate-difluorobenzophenone have metal cations. An object of the method is to identify mechanical properties of polymer materials by fluorescence nondestructive detection.

To provide a hydrophilic polymer derivative having a novel linker technique which is able to from a hydrophilic polymer pro-drug of a drug containing an amino group or the like in order to overcome the restrictions of conventional hydrophilic polymer pro-drugs. A hydrophilic polymer derivative containing a hydrophilic polymer moiety and an acetal moiety, wherein the hydrophilic polymer derivative contains a structure represented by formula (1) or formula (2):

##STR00001##

A process for producing a benzoxazine containing free aliphatic hydroxyl groups and monoester comprising the steps of: a) a reaction of a phenolic acid derivative with a monofunctional oligomer or molecule at a temperature of from 80 C. to 200 C., during 12 h-48 h, in a presence of a Bronsted type acid catalyst, resulting in a monophenol terminated oligomer or molecule and b) reaction of the monophenol terminated oligomer or molecule of step a) with a mixture of an amino-alcohol, a primary amine derivative and paraformaldehyde at a temperature range of from 80 C. to 100 C., from 1 h to 48 h, under stirring.

A white photosensitive resin composition, a white spacer, a light conversion layer, and a light-emitting device are provided. The white photosensitive resin composition includes a polymerizable compound (A), an alkali-soluble resin (B), a photopolymerization initiator (C), a solvent (D), and a white pigment (E). The polymerizable compound (A) includes an ethylenically-unsaturated monomer (A-1) represented by formula (I-1) and a thiol compound (A-2) having two or more thiol groups in one molecule, wherein based on 100 mass % of the polymerizable compound (A), a total content of the ethylenically-unsaturated monomer (A-1) and the thiol compound (A-2) is 10 mass % to 98 mass %. ##STR00001##

The invention relates to the use of branched copolymers as dispersants of mineral binders, wherein the copolymers are formed from (1) at least one olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer (2) at least one olefinically unsaturated macromonomer of the general structure (I)

##STR00001## where R.sup.1 is an olefinically unsaturated radical which has 2-10 carbon atoms and may optionally be substituted by oxygen and/or nitrogen, preferably vinyl, allyl, methallyl, vinyloxybutyl, isoprenyl, acryloyl and/or methacryloyl, X=O or NH, A is in each case independently C1-C10 alkylene, preferably ethylene, propylene and/or butylene, R.sup.2=C1-C16 alkyl, B is in each case independently C1-C10 alkylene, preferably ethylene, propylene and/or butylene, m is in each case independently an integer in the range of 0-350, preferably 2-200, more preferably 5-150, especially 7-30, n is an integer in the range of 0-100, preferably 1-100, more preferably 2-75, most preferably 5-55, p is 0 or 1, preferably 0, o is an integer in the range of 1-50, preferably 3-40, more preferably 6-30, especially 8-20, and q is an integer in the range of 1-10.

The present invention relates to a method for the synthesis of certain perfluoropolyether polymers having well-defined recurring units structure, and whereas the fraction of reactive end groups can be easily tuned.

The present specification relates to a polymer with improved ion transport capability, a polymer electrolyte membrane including the same, a membrane-electrode assembly including the polymer electrolyte membrane, a fuel cell including the membrane-electrode assembly, and a redox flow battery including the polymer electrolyte membrane.

The present specification relates to a compound comprising an aromatic ring, a polymer comprising the same, a polyelectrolyte membrane comprising the same, a membrane-electrode assembly comprising the polyelectrolyte membrane, a fuel cell comprising the membrane-electrode assembly, and a redox flow battery comprising the polyelectrolyte membrane.

The present specification relates to a polymer electrolyte membrane including two types of polymers.