The present invention provides a self-emulsification type emulsion exhibiting excellent adhesion to olefin-based base materials such as polyethylene and polypropylene without using an emulsifier. The self-emulsification type emulsion of the present invention comprises a tackifier and a modified polypropylene resin having an anionic functional group, and satisfies (1) and (2) given below:

(1) the modified polypropylene resin having an anionic functional group is dispersed in water in the absence of an emulsifier, and
(2) a dispersion particle comprising the modified polypropylene resin having an anionic functional group surrounds the tackifier.

An aqueous non-foamed functional composition formulation is disposed on a foamed opacifying layer in light-blocking, foamed opacifying elements. This non-foamed functional composition formulation has 0.5-15% solids and essential (i) and (iv) components and optional (ii), (v), (vi), and (vii) components. The components (i) untreated synthetic silica (fumed silica or precipitated silica) at 0.5-10 weight %; and a (iv) water-soluble or water-dispersible organic polymeric binder having a glass transition temperature (T.sub.g) below 25° C. The weight ratio of the (i) untreated synthetic silica to the (iv) water-soluble or water-dispersible organic polymeric binder is 10:1 to 1:1. The optional components include: a (ii) solid or non-solid lubricant; a (v) crosslinking agent; a (vi) thickener; and a (vii) coating aid. Glass particles can also be present. The presence of the (i) untreated synthetic silica provides improved brightness, e.g. an L* value of at least 80, and uniform coatings in the resulting, foamed opacifying element.

An aqueous non-foamed functional composition formulation is disposed on a foamed opacifying layer in light-blocking, foamed opacifying elements. This non-foamed functional composition formulation has 0.5-15% solids and essential (i) and (iv) components and optional (ii), (v), (vi), and (vii) components. The components (i) untreated synthetic silica (fumed silica or precipitated silica) at 0.5-10 weight %; and a (iv) water-soluble or water-dispersible organic polymeric binder having a glass transition temperature (T.sub.g) below 25° C. The weight ratio of the (i) untreated synthetic silica to the (iv) water-soluble or water-dispersible organic polymeric binder is 10:1 to 1:1. The optional components include: a (ii) solid or non-solid lubricant; a (v) crosslinking agent; a (vi) thickener; and a (vii) coating aid. Glass particles can also be present. The presence of the (i) untreated synthetic silica provides improved brightness, e.g. an L* value of at least 80, and uniform coatings in the resulting, foamed opacifying element.

Disclosed is a dispersion of metal-containing oxidized cellulose nanofibers with superior dispersibility, which is applicable to various uses. The disclosed metal-containing oxidized cellulose nanofiber dispersion comprises a dispersion medium, and metal-containing oxidized cellulose nanofibers containing a metal other than sodium in salt form, wherein the metal-containing oxidized cellulose nanofibers have a number-average fiber diameter of 100 nm or less and an average degree of polymerization of 100 to 2,000.

Disclosed is a dispersion of metal-containing oxidized cellulose nanofibers with superior dispersibility, which is applicable to various uses. The disclosed metal-containing oxidized cellulose nanofiber dispersion comprises a dispersion medium, and metal-containing oxidized cellulose nanofibers containing a metal other than sodium in salt form, wherein the metal-containing oxidized cellulose nanofibers have a number-average fiber diameter of 100 nm or less and an average degree of polymerization of 100 to 2,000.

The present disclosure provides cellulose/metal composites and their use in removing impurities from liquids, including water. Carboxylated nanocelluloses are combined with metal ions and the resulting composite may be contacted with a liquid, including water, to remove impurities therefrom.

A method for producing an electrolyte solution including a supply step of continuously supplying an emulsion based a polymer electrolyte and a solvent into a dissolution facility, and a dissolution step of continuously dissolving the polymer electrolyte in the solvent by heating the interior of the dissolution facility to obtain the electrolyte solution.

A method for producing an electrolyte solution including a supply step of continuously supplying an emulsion based a polymer electrolyte and a solvent into a dissolution facility, and a dissolution step of continuously dissolving the polymer electrolyte in the solvent by heating the interior of the dissolution facility to obtain the electrolyte solution.

Provided is method of treating a collection of resin beads (a) comprising the steps of (a) providing the collection of resin beads (a), wherein the resin beads (a) comprise one or more vinyl polymers having quaternary ammonium groups; wherein 90 mole % or more of the quaternary ammonium groups are each associated with a chloride anion; (b) bringing the collection of resin beads (a) into contact with an aqueous solution (b) comprising one or more dissolved (M).sub.nX.sub.q to form a mixture (b), (c) separating water and compounds dissolved in the water from the mixture (b), to form resin beads (c) and waste solution (bw); (d) bringing resin beads (c) into contact with an aqueous solution (c) comprising dissolved (M3)(OH).sub.p, to form a mixture (d).

Provided is method of treating a collection of resin beads (a) comprising the steps of (a) providing the collection of resin beads (a), wherein the resin beads (a) comprise one or more vinyl polymers having quaternary ammonium groups; wherein 90 mole % or more of the quaternary ammonium groups are each associated with a chloride anion; (b) bringing the collection of resin beads (a) into contact with an aqueous solution (b) comprising one or more dissolved (M).sub.nX.sub.q to form a mixture (b), (c) separating water and compounds dissolved in the water from the mixture (b), to form resin beads (c) and waste solution (bw); (d) bringing resin beads (c) into contact with an aqueous solution (c) comprising dissolved (M3)(OH).sub.p, to form a mixture (d).