A shoe cover is a natural latex article with reduced amount of sulfur cross linking agent and accelerators including zinc dithiocarbamate that break catalytically soluble sulfur S.sub.8 sulfur rings forming sulfur linear chains. Surfactants present in the pre-vulcanization composition wets natural polyisoprene particles and permeates small sized sulfur into the interior of these particles thereby pre-vulcanizing the particles. The latex emulsion also has post-vulcanization composition with accelerators that crosslink between particles during the post vulcanization cure cycle. The dipped natural polyisoprene article is substantially uniformly cured both in the inter-particle and intra-particle regions and reliably exhibits high cross link density, uniform distribution of double bonds and zinc segregation at the boundaries or original particles. The natural rubber films exhibit high tensile strength, tensile modulus, tear strength, elongation with low modulus of the shoe cover. The bottom surface of the shoe cover is etched to produce a slip resistant surface.

Provided is a hydrosilylation reactive composition and a method for producing a semi-cured product and a cured product using the hydrosilylation reactive composition, which exhibit sharp curability during the reaction while maintaining pot life and can provide a molecular design through the reaction control of the M.sup.H unit/D.sup.H unit. The composition comprises: (A) a compound containing at least one monovalent hydrocarbon group having an aliphatic unsaturated bond per molecule; (B) a compound containing at least two hydrogen atoms bonded to silicon atoms per molecule; (C) a first hydrosilylation catalyst; and (D) a second hydrosilylation catalyst which microencapsulates component (C) with a thermoplastic resin having a softening point within the temperature range of 50 to 200° C. and exhibits activity at temperatures higher than that of component (C). Also provided is a method for carrying out a hydrosilylation reaction at temperatures of two stages using the composition.

One embodiment of the present invention relates to an elastomer composition, a sealing material, or a method for producing a sealing material, in which the elastomer composition includes a crosslinkable fluoroelastomer (A) other than a perfluoroelastomer, an ethylenically unsaturated bond-containing compound (B), a crosslinking agent (C), and a crosslinking aid (D), the ethylenically unsaturated bond-containing compound (B) contains at least one selected from compounds having a perfluoro skeleton having an ethylenically unsaturated bond and compounds having a siloxane skeleton having an ethylenically unsaturated bond, and a mass ratio of a content of the crosslinking aid (D) to the crosslinking agent (C) is 5 or more.

One embodiment of the present invention relates to an elastomer composition, a sealing material, or a method for producing a sealing material, in which the elastomer composition includes a crosslinkable fluoroelastomer (A1) that is other than a perfluoroelastomer and has a fluorine content of 69% by mass or more and a crosslinkable fluoroelastomer (A2) that is other than a perfluoroelastomer and has a fluorine content in a range of 55 to 68% by mass, and a content of the fluoroelastomer (A1) is 60 to 95% by mass based on 100% by mass of the total of the fluoroelastomers (A1) and (A2).

A molecularly resilient and high-energy transferable material and method of reinforcing and strengthening substrates with the same. The material includes aliphatic polyurea moieties coated on the surface of a pre-curing or curing epoxy, that may or may not compose a fiber reinforced epoxy (F/E) layer, constituting an isophorone diisocyanate amine (IDA) epoxy-surface modification (reaction) to form an interfacial epoxy-polyurea hybridized-matrix (IEPM) material between the epoxy (that may reside on an F/E layer) and a cured polyurea layer. Through its unique set of molecular vibrational properties, which are designed into the IEPM by controlling the thermodynamic IPA reaction, the chemically bonded and molecularly resilient (regenerative) IEPM material incorporates significant fracture toughness, loss modulus (material damping), and reduced elastic modulus into structural substrates and high-tenacity fibers to which it is adhered.

An ion exchange membrane is provided which includes an ion exchange polymer that is partially cross-linked. The partially cross-linked ion exchange polymer will be more stable and will not be washed out over time. The ion exchange polymer may be UV or chemically cross-linked, wherein a cross-linking compound is added to the ion exchange polymer either before or after coupling to a support material. A support material may be made of, or be coated with, a cross-linking compound and the support material may initiate cross-linking proximal to the support material. The support material may be made of a material that chemically bonds with the ionomer.

A molecularly resilient and high-energy transferable material and method of reinforcing and strengthening substrates with the same. The material includes aliphatic polyurea moieties coated on the surface of a pre-curing or curing epoxy, that may or may not compose a fiber reinforced epoxy (F/E) layer, constituting an isophorone diisocyanate amine (IDA) epoxy-surface modification (reaction) to form an interfacial epoxy-polyurea hybridized-matrix (IEPM) material between the epoxy (that may reside on an F/E layer) and a cured polyurea layer. Through its unique set of molecular vibrational properties, which are designed into the IEPM by controlling the thermodynamic IPA reaction, the chemically bonded and molecularly resilient (regenerative) IEPM material incorporates significant fracture toughness, loss modulus (material damping), and reduced elastic modulus into structural substrates and high-tenacity fibers to which it is adhered.

A curing reactive silicone gel is provided. The curing reactive silicone gel is obtained by primarily curing a composition containing the following components in a gel form and further having secondarily curing reactivity. (A) an organopolysiloxane having at least two curing reactive groups in one molecule; (B) optionally, an organohydrogenpolysiloxane; and (C) a curing agent.

A molecularly resilient and high-energy transferrable material and method of reinforcing and strengthening substrates with the same. The material includes aliphatic polyurea moieties coated on the surface of a pre-curing or curing epoxy, that may or may not compose a fiber reinforced epoxy (F/E) layer, constituting an isophorone diisocyanate amine (IDA) epoxy-surface modification (reaction) to form an interfacial epoxy-polyurea hybridized-matrix (IEPM) material between the epoxy (that may reside on an F/E layer) and a cured polyurea layer. Through its unique set of molecular vibrational properties, which are designed into the IEPM by controlling the thermodynamic IDA reaction, the chemically bonded and molecularly resilient (regenerative) IEPM material incorporates significant fracture toughness, loss modulus (material damping), and reduced elastic modulus into structural substrates and high-tenacity fibers to which it is adhered.

The present invention relates to expandable, polymerizable compositions comprising at least one benzoxazine and at least one cyclic carbonate, to polymerization products of these expandable, polymerizable compositions, to a process for preparing these polymerization products as well as to uses of these expandable, polymerizable compositions. The present invention is based on the surprising finding that copolymerizing benzoxazine monomers with cyclic carbonate monomers results in novel copolymers having unforeseeably high expansion rates, wherein the properties (e.g. solid/brittle, solid/soft, rubbery) of the resulting copolymers can be easily and reproducibly tuned/adjusted, depending on the ratio of the benzoxazine equivalents/cyclic carbonate equivalents present in the composition and copolymer, respectively.