A layer of nanopatterned phase separated block copolymers on an arbitrary surface comprising a first arbitrary substrate absent of chemical preparation, a layer of graphene on the first arbitrary substrate, and a layer of phase-separated block copolymers on the layer of graphene, wherein the layer of phase-separated block copolymers on the layer of graphene was formed on a second substrate and delaminated via water liftoff and wherein the nanopatterned phase separated block copolymers are utilized as a shadow mask for lithography on the first arbitrary substrate.

A continuous automated process and production line for preparing an acid doped polybenzimidazole, PBI, polymer membrane film for use in a fuel cell, the process comprising a washing stage, a drying procedure, and a doping stage.

A continuous automated process and production line for preparing an acid doped polybenzimidazole, PBI, polymer membrane film for use in a fuel cell, the process comprising a washing stage, a drying procedure, and a doping stage.

The invention relates to a hydrogel product comprising glycosaminoglycan molecules as the swellable polymer, wherein the glycosaminoglycan molecules are covalently crosslinked via crosslinks comprising a spacer group selected from the group consisting of di-, tri-, tetra-, and oligosaccharides.

The invention relates to a hydrogel product comprising glycosaminoglycan molecules as the swellable polymer, wherein the glycosaminoglycan molecules are covalently crosslinked via crosslinks comprising a spacer group selected from the group consisting of di-, tri-, tetra-, and oligosaccharides.

A method of graphene-enabled block copolymer lithography transfer to an arbitrary substrate comprising the steps of applying graphene on a surface, adding block copolymers to the graphene on the surface, phase-separating the block copolymers, forming nanopatterned phase separated block copolymers, delaminating the graphene, and transferring the graphene and nanopatterned phase separated block copolymers to a second surface. A layer of nanopatterned phase separated block copolymers on an arbitrary surface comprising a first arbitrary substrate absent of chemical preparation, a layer of graphene on the first arbitrary substrate, and a layer of phase-separated block copolymers on the layer of graphene, wherein the layer of phase-separated block copolymers on the layer of graphene was formed on a second substrate and delaminated via water liftoff and wherein the nanopatterned phase separated block copolymers are utilized as a shadow mask for lithography on the first arbitrary substrate.

A method of graphene-enabled block copolymer lithography transfer to an arbitrary substrate comprising the steps of applying graphene on a surface, adding block copolymers to the graphene on the surface, phase-separating the block copolymers, forming nanopatterned phase separated block copolymers, delaminating the graphene, and transferring the graphene and nanopatterned phase separated block copolymers to a second surface. A layer of nanopatterned phase separated block copolymers on an arbitrary surface comprising a first arbitrary substrate absent of chemical preparation, a layer of graphene on the first arbitrary substrate, and a layer of phase-separated block copolymers on the layer of graphene, wherein the layer of phase-separated block copolymers on the layer of graphene was formed on a second substrate and delaminated via water liftoff and wherein the nanopatterned phase separated block copolymers are utilized as a shadow mask for lithography on the first arbitrary substrate.

A heat energy storage system may have a shape-stabilized composite prepared using an easy impregnation method involving a porous Ca.sup.2+-doped MgCO.sub.3 matrix and PEG as the functional phase. The heat storage capability, microstructures, and interactions with the PEG/CaMgCO.sub.3 composite can be characterized by DSC, SEM imaging, FT-IR spectroscopy, and TGA. Likely because of the synergistic phase change effect of CaMgCO.sub.3 and PEG, the PEG/CaMgCO.sub.3 composites can have high thermal enthalpies, and their enthalpy efficiencies are substantially higher than those of traditional shape stabilized PCMs. The functional material PEG can permeate porous CaMgCO.sub.3 matrices under capillary action. Liquid PEG can be stabilized within the porous matrix, and/or the CaMgCO.sub.3 matrix can improve the thermal stability of the PEG. The high heat energy storage properties and good thermal stability of such organic-inorganic composites offers utility in a range of applications, including thermal energy storage.

A heat energy storage system may have a shape-stabilized composite prepared using an easy impregnation method involving a porous Ca.sup.2+-doped MgCO.sub.3 matrix and PEG as the functional phase. The heat storage capability, microstructures, and interactions with the PEG/CaMgCO.sub.3 composite can be characterized by DSC, SEM imaging, FT-IR spectroscopy, and TGA. Likely because of the synergistic phase change effect of CaMgCO.sub.3 and PEG, the PEG/CaMgCO.sub.3 composites can have high thermal enthalpies, and their enthalpy efficiencies are substantially higher than those of traditional shape stabilized PCMs. The functional material PEG can permeate porous CaMgCO.sub.3 matrices under capillary action. Liquid PEG can be stabilized within the porous matrix, and/or the CaMgCO.sub.3 matrix can improve the thermal stability of the PEG. The high heat energy storage properties and good thermal stability of such organic-inorganic composites offers utility in a range of applications, including thermal energy storage.

Provided are synthesis methods of polymerizing aniline or derivatives thereof. The production of polyaniline or polyaniline derivatives is controlled by the type of oxidant added in the reaction medium. The methods include the step of using a safe and environmentally friendly carbomethyl cellulose (CMC) or modified CMC as an oxidant in the polymerization reaction to produce polyaniline or aniline derivatives. Synthesis methods of producing O-CMC and O-CMC-S oxidants are also provided herein.