Provided is a developing roller including a shaft body, an elastic layer formed on an external circumference of the shaft body, and a surface layer formed on an external circumference of the elastic layer. The surface layer is formed of polyurethane containing a reaction product of a fluoroethylene vinyl ether copolymer and an isocyanurate form of isocyanate and having a film thickness of from 0.5 μm through 2.0 μm. The developing roller has grooves in a surface of the developing roller. The angle of the grooves from a circumferential direction is from 0 degrees through 30 degrees.

Provided is a developing roller including a shaft body, an elastic layer formed on an external circumference of the shaft body, and a surface layer formed on an external circumference of the elastic layer. The surface layer is formed of polyurethane containing a reaction product of a fluoroethylene vinyl ether copolymer and an isocyanurate form of isocyanate and having a film thickness of from 0.5 μm through 2.0 μm. The developing roller has grooves in a surface of the developing roller. The angle of the grooves from a circumferential direction is from 0 degrees through 30 degrees.

The present invention relates to the use of an abrasion-resistant surface material for the coating of melamine resin laminates and to a laminate comprising the surface material used in accordance with the invention, and to a method for producing the laminate.

The present invention relates to the use of an abrasion-resistant surface material for the coating of melamine resin laminates and to a laminate comprising the surface material used in accordance with the invention, and to a method for producing the laminate.

A resin molded body, includes: a polyolefin element including a crystalline region and an amorphous region; and a hydrophilic polymer contained in a region from a surface of the polyolefin element to part of the amorphous region located below the surface. Or, a method for producing a resin molded body, includes: preparing a polyolefin element including a crystalline region and an amorphous region; forming a coating of a hydrophilic polymer on a surface of the polyolefin element; and applying heat treatment to the polyolefin element on which the coating of the hydrophilic polymer is formed, wherein by applying the heat treatment, the coating of the hydrophilic polymer is immersed in a region from the surface to part of the amorphous region located below the surface.

An electrode and a method of making an electrode includes treating polymers that contain functional groups, which by surface functionalization, such as hydrolysis, ozone treatment or carbon-carbon double-bond oxidation to produce hydroxyl functional groups on the surface. Reacting methacryloyl chloride with the resulting hydroxyl functional groups thereby providing a reactive surface. Photopolymerizing or thermal polymerization of crosslinked acrylate or methacrylate polymers on the reactive surface to produce a membrane covalently bonded to the underlying substrate. In addition such an electrode can also be produced on a polystyrene substrate by reacting methacryloyl chloride with the polystyrene substrate and photopolymerizing or thermally polymerizing to produce crosslinked acrylate or methacrylate polymers on the reactive surface to produce a membrane covalently bonded to the underlying polystyrene substrate.

Methods and systems, and components made according to the methods and systems, are disclosed relating to improved methods for fabricating resin-containing composite prepreg materials, wherein the prepreg plies are treated with a particulate material to achieve predetermined spatially variable shear and tack values at a predetermined location on at least one prepreg ply surface of at least one prepreg ply.

Methods and systems, and components made according to the methods and systems, are disclosed relating to improved methods for fabricating resin-containing composite prepreg materials, wherein the prepreg plies are treated with a particulate material to achieve predetermined spatially variable shear and tack values at a predetermined location on at least one prepreg ply surface of at least one prepreg ply.

The present disclosure relates to anti-microbial film, and more particularly to anti-microbial film for packaging of a perishable item. According to an aspect, the present disclosure is directed to a packaging film comprising a polymer film having a surface, and an antimicrobial agent chemically linked to the surface. According to an aspect, the present disclosure is directed to a method of preparing a packaging film, the method comprising: (a) providing a polymer film having a surface; (b) modifying the surface by UV, plasma or corona treatment; and (c) chemically linking an antimicrobial agent to the modified surface. In an embodiment, the packaging film may be used in packaging for a perishable item.

The present disclosure relates to anti-microbial film, and more particularly to anti-microbial film for packaging of a perishable item. According to an aspect, the present disclosure is directed to a packaging film comprising a polymer film having a surface, and an antimicrobial agent chemically linked to the surface. According to an aspect, the present disclosure is directed to a method of preparing a packaging film, the method comprising: (a) providing a polymer film having a surface; (b) modifying the surface by UV, plasma or corona treatment; and (c) chemically linking an antimicrobial agent to the modified surface. In an embodiment, the packaging film may be used in packaging for a perishable item.