A method of foam production is described. The method includes providing a foam precursor including one or more components, the one or more components including at least one of chitin, chitosan, or chitosan oligosaccharide and a solvent. The method further comprises exposing the foam precursor to radiation. The radiation is of a wavelength to heat the foam precursor. A system for foam produced is described, the system including a mixer configured to output a foam precursor including one or more components. The one or more components include at least one of chitin, chitosan, or chitosan oligosaccharide. The system further includes a radiation emitting system positioned to receive the foam precursor from the mixer and expose the foam precursor to radiation to heat the foam precursor to form a solid foam.

A crosslinked olefin-based thermoplastic elastomer expanded bead including a base polymer having an olefin-based thermoplastic elastomer and a brominated bisphenol-based flame retardant having a chemical structure represented by formula (1). A difference Tm.sub.TPO-T.sub.FR is −5° C. to 40° C., where Tm.sub.TPO is a melting point of the olefin-based thermoplastic elastomer and T.sub.FR is the lower of a glass transition temperature T.sub.gFR and a melting point Tm.sub.FR of the brominated bisphenol-based flame retardant. A xylene insoluble content is 5 mass % to 80 mass %. R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 in the formula (1) are monovalent substituents, R.sup.2 is a divalent substituent, and n is an integer from 1 to 6:

##STR00001##

This invention relates to a foaming composition, comprising at least one ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer; at least one foaming agent; at least one peroxide compound; at least one polyamine; at least one crosslinking enhancer; at least one primary antioxidant; and at least one secondary antioxidant; the content of the crosslinking enhancer is from 0.1 to 3% by weight based on the total weight of the composition. A foaming article cured from the foaming composition under the temperature range of 80 to 120° C. according to the present invention exhibits high initial volume expansion ratio at the baking window from 130 to 200° C. and shows excellent stability after storage.

Process for preparing rigid polyurethane or urethane-modified polyisocyanurate foams from polyisocyanates and polyfunctional isocyanate-reactive compounds in the presence of blowing agents wherein the polyfunctional isocyanate-reactive compounds comprise an unmodified or modified novolac polyol and a polyether polyol having a hydroxyl number of between 50 and 650 mg KOH/g obtained by reacting a polyfunctional initiator first with ethylene oxide and subsequently with propylene oxide wherein the propoxylation degree is between 0.33 and 2 mole propylene oxide per active hydrogen atom in the initiator and wherein the molar ratio of ethylene oxide to propylene oxide in said polyether polyol is at least 2.

A reactive composition for making a PIR comprising foam at an isocyanate index of at least 120, said composition comprising at least an isocyanate composition comprising one or more isocyanate compounds, an isocyanate-reactive composition comprising one or more isocyanate-reactive compounds, at least one PIR promoting catalyst, at least one physical blowing agent with a lambda gas ≤12 mW/m.Math.K at 10° C., at least one CO.sub.2 scavenging compound selected from at least one epoxy compound, and optionally a catalyst promoting epoxy reaction with CO.sub.2 characterized in that the amount of isocyanate-reactive compounds in the reactive composition is at least 10 wt % calculated on the total weight of the reactive composition, or at least more than the amount of epoxy compounds and the molar amount of epoxy compounds in the reactive composition is at least 7.8 times higher than the molar amount of CO.sub.2 formed by the water present in the reactive composition after reaction with isocyanates.

The present invention is a novel fire-resistant material used for the manufacturing of pipe collars as passive fire protection. The technological process consists of two phases. The first phase involves mixing poly (vinyl chloride-co-vinyl acetate) copolymers (VC-co-VAc) or a modified poly(vinyl chloride-co-vinyl acetate) copolymer (VC-co-VAc) with expandable graphite and plasticizers/modifiers such as: diisononyl phthalate—DINP, dioctyl adipate—DOA, 1-hexadecene or methyl esters of soybean fatty acids (MBS), azodicarbonamide (ADC), tri-p-cresyl phosphate, tri-m-cresyl phosphate or tri-o-cresyl phosphate, epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) and polyacrylate or poly(vinylacetate) emulsion. The second phase considers shaping the resulting mixture in a temperature-controlled press to make various samples, which are further tested. The samples had different dimensions: 4-6 mm thickness, 70-400 mm width and 240-500 mm length.

A microporous polyolefin (PO) foamed material is provided, which is prepared from a PO composition through a foaming process, where the PO composition includes a PO and an additive composition, and with the PO composition as 100 parts by mass, the additive composition accounts for 3 to 20 parts by mass; the additive composition includes a functional additive A; the functional additive A has a molecular formula of R—(OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2).sub.xOH, where R is an aralkyl group, a straight alkyl chain, or a branched alkyl chain that has 5 to 60 carbon atoms, and x is 1 to 20; and an absolute value of a solubility parameter difference between the PO and the functional additive A is greater than or equal to 1 (J/cm.sup.3).sup.1/2 and less than or equal to 5 (J/cm.sup.3).sup.1/2 . When the method is used for PO foaming, the foaming efficiency is greatly improved, thereby reducing a production cost.

An insulation material formed of a composition, and a method of making an insulation material is provided. The composition forming the insulation material includes magnesium oxide; at least one of magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate, and hydrates thereof; water; a foaming agent; a thickener; and a foam stabilizer. The composition is foamed to promote aeration of the composition to reduce density of the insulation material formed from the composition.

Expanded polyethylene resin particles include an antistatic agent and a base resin. The expanded polyethylene resin particles are obtained by expanding polyethylene resin particles including the antistatic agent and the base resin, the polyethylene resin particles having a storage modulus of elasticity of 900 to 5000 Pa at an angular frequency of 1 rad/sec in dynamic viscoelastic behavior measurement at 190° C. and a storage modulus of elasticity of 100000 Pa or less at an angular frequency of 100 rad/sec in dynamic viscoelastic behavior measurement at 190° C. The expanded polyethylene resin particles have a low temperature side melting peak and a high temperature side melting peak on a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curve obtained when a temperature of the expanded polyethylene resin particles is increased from 20° C. to 220° C. at a heating rate of 10° C./min.

A method of producing a polyethylene resin expanded molded product includes filling a mold with expanded polyethylene resin particles, wherein an internal pressure of 0.12 to 0.16 MPa is applied to the expanded polyethylene resin particles in the mold, and forming the polyethylene resin expanded molded product by heating the expanded polyethylene resin particles and fusing the expanded polyethylene resin particles. The expanded polyethylene resin particles includes 100 parts by weight of a polyethylene resin, 0.08 to 0.25 parts by weight of a cell nucleating agent, 0.3 to 0.8 parts by weight of a polyhydric alcohol fatty acid ester, and 0.01 to 10 parts by weight of a hydrophilic compound, each of the expanded polyethylene resin particles having a weight of 2.5 to 3.5 mg. The polyethylene resin expanded molded product has a density of 0.017 to 0.021 g/cm.sup.3 and a thickness of 10 to 40 mm.