The use of polyamine- and/or polyalkanolamine-based carboxylic acid derivatives as additives in aqueous polymer dispersions for production of porous polymer coatings, preferably for production of porous polyurethane coatings, is described.

Disclosed are a process of producing a polyurethane foam product, a polyurethane foam product pre-mix, polyurethane foam product formulation, and a polyurethane foam product. The process of producing the polyurethane foam product includes contacting a halogen containing composition with a polyurethane foam product pre-mix. The polyurethane foam product pre-mix includes the halogen containing composition. The polyurethane foam product formulation includes a polyol component, an isocyanate component, and a halogen containing compound component. The polyurethane foam product is formed by the pre-mix having the halogen containing composition.

A flame-retardant rigid polyurethane foam contains a flame retardant, the foam having a ratio of the maximum peak intensity ratio (P1) of the foam after moist heat treatment of the foam for one week at a temperature of 80° C. and a humidity of 85% to the maximum peak intensity ratio (P2) of the foam before this moist heat treatment of 85% or more (P1/P2x100). The P1 and P2 each refer to the ratio of the maximum peak intensity of 1390 to 1430 cm.sup.−1 to the maximum peak intensity of 1500 to 1520 cm.sup.−1 when the infrared absorption spectrum is measured at a position 5 to 10 mm from the surface of the foam, and the average intensity of 1900 to 2000 cm.sup.−1 is adjusted to zero.

A process is provided for producing a structure into which blood or other bio-fluids can flow by capillary action, e.g. for a whole blood microsampling probe. The process comprises mixing particles of novolak resin and particles of hydrocarbon polymer, producing an uncarbonized structure from the mixture by pressurised moulding and carbonizing the moulded structure, the hydrocarbon resin being a polymer such as polystyrene that on pyrolysis has a zero carbon yield, and the particles of the hydrocarbon polymer leaving voids in the carbonized structure of sufficient size for flow of whole blood into and through the structure. The particles may be of partly cured and milled novolak resin, the novolak particles when in the moulded structure not exhibiting bulk flow during carbonization but sintering at inter-particle contact points during carbonization to provide a consolidated structure. In this variant, ethylene glycol may be used as a sintering aid. Alternatively, the particles may be of fully cured and milled novolak resin, and are mixed with the hydrocarbon polymer , the lubricant and with a binder such as lignin for providing a consolidated structure.

The present invention discloses a 3-aryl-benzofuranone compound in which R.sub.1-R.sub.6, in the formula are mutually independent H or C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyls, and R.sub.7 is C.sub.7-C.sub.20 alkyl or C.sub.7-C.sub.20 mixed alkyl. The present invention also discloses a composition of 3-aryl-benzofuranone compound and the preparation method. The 3-aryl-benzofuranone compound and the composition thereof has the superiority in application due to the characteristics of less proneness to volatilize, less proneness to be extracted, higher resistance to migration and less proneness to bloom and precipitate on the surface of organic materials, and with a wide range of application, it is effective during the application.

A thermally expandable composition comprising a thermoplastic polymer compound and/or an elastomer compound, at least one blowing agent including at least one dicarboxylic acid salt of an aminoguanidine compound, optionally at least one free radical initiator and/or a vulcanization system, and at least one guanidine derivative. The invention is also related to baffle and/or a reinforcement element for hollow structures including the thermally expandable composition, to a process for manufacturing the baffle and/or reinforcement element, to use of the baffle and/or reinforcement element for sealing, baffling, or reinforcing of a cavity or a hollow structure, and to a method for sealing, baffling and/or reinforcing a cavity or hollow structure.

The presently disclosed subject matter is directed to a method of making a foam, specifically, the development of isocyanate-free foams using at least one unsaturated polyester. The at least one unsaturated polyester is a reaction product of at least one unsaturated cyclic anhydride, dicyclopentadiene, and at least one polyol. The disclosed formulation further comprises at least one reactive diluent and at least one initiator. The disclosed formulations are cured by a free radical mechanism.

A thermally expandable composition, including at least one polymer, cross-linkable by peroxide, at least one peroxide, preferably at least one antioxidant, at least one chemical blowing agent, and at least one activator, wherein the activator includes at least one compound selected from formula (I), ##STR00001##
wherein radicals R.sup.1 and R.sup.4 represent hydrogen atoms or monovalent alkyl radicals with 1 to 10 carbon atoms which optionally include oxygen atoms; R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 represent hydrogen atoms or monovalent alkyl radicals with 1 to 10 carbon atoms which optionally include oxygen atoms, nitrogen atoms, and/or aromatic moieties or R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 together form a divalent alkyl radical with 1 to 10 carbon atoms which optionally includes oxygen atoms, nitrogen atoms or aromatic moieties. The composition shows excellent properties in terms of expansion stability over a wide temperature range, can be expanded at temperatures below 150° C. and is suitable for baffle and/or reinforcement elements.

A material comprising an encapsulated component within a shell, a rupture initiator associated with the encapsulated component, and a polymeric matrix material, wherein the encapsulation is adapted to fail upon activation of the rupture initiator allowing the encapsulated component to be liberated to initiate a reaction or increase the reactivity of the material.

Described herein is a process for producing a pipe insulated with polyurethane foam, where (a) isocyanates are mixed with (b) polyols, (c) blowing agent including at least one aliphatic, halogenated hydrocarbon compound (c1), made up of from 2 to 5 carbon atoms, at least one hydrogen atom and at least one fluorine and/or chlorine atom, where the compound (c1) includes at least one carbon-carbon double bond, (d) catalyst including N,N-dialkylbenzylamine, optionally (e) chain extenders and/or crosslinkers and optionally (f) auxiliaries and additives to give a reaction mixture, the reaction mixture is applied to a pipe for media and is allowed to cure to give the polyurethane foam. Also described herein is an insulated pipe obtained by such a process and a method of using such an insulated pipe as insulated composite wall pipe for district heating or district cooling networks laid in the ground.