An interpenetrating network (IPN) polymer membrane material includes a soft polyurethane interspersed with a crosslinked conducting polymer. The material can be reversibly “switched” between its oxidized and reduced states by the application of a small voltage, ˜1 to 4 volts, thus modulating its diffusivity.

Reversibly crosslinkable polymeric networks, including reversibly crosslinkable hydrogel networks are provided. Also provided are methods of making the polymeric networks and methods of using the hydrogel networks in tissue engineering applications. The reversibly crosslinkable polymeric networks are composed of polymer chains that are covalently crosslinked by azobenzene boronic ester bonds that can be reversibly formed and broken by exposing the polymeric networks to different wavelengths of light.

Crumb rubber obtained from recycled tires is subjected to an interlinked substitution process. The process utilizes a reactive component that interferes with sulfur bonds. The resulting treated rubber exhibits properties similar to those of the virgin composite rubber structure prior to being granulated, and is suitable for use in fabricating new tires, engineered rubber articles, and asphalt rubber for use in waterproofing and paving applications.

An interpenetrating network (IPN) polymer membrane material includes a soft polyurethane interspersed with a crosslinked conducting polymer. The material can be reversibly “switched” between its oxidized and reduced states by the application of a small voltage, ˜1 to 4 volts, thus modulating its diffusivity.

The objective of the present invention is to provide a prepreg and a fiber reinforced composite material using this prepreg. This prepreg has good handleability, is suitable for producing a reinforced composite material in a short-time and without using an autoclave, and is capable of yielding a fiber reinforced composite material exhibiting excellent impact resistance, wherein the occurrence of voids has been suppressed. To attain the objective, this prepreg comprises a reinforced fiber [A] that is layered and partially impregnated with an epoxy resin composition containing an epoxy resin [B] and a hardener [C], the impregnation rate φ being 30 to 95%. In this prepreg, a thermoplastic resin [D] insoluble in the epoxy resin [B] is distributed unevenly over a surface on one side of the prepreg, and a portion not impregnated with the epoxy resin composition is localized in the layer of the reinforced fiber [A] on the side where the thermoplastic resin [D] is distributed unevenly. This prepreg has a localization parameter σ, which defines the degree of the localization to be in the range of 0.10<σ<0.45.

Reversibly crosslinkable polymeric networks, including reversibly crosslinkable hydrogel networks are provided. Also provided are methods of making the polymeric networks and methods of using the hydrogel networks in tissue engineering applications. The reversibly crosslinkable polymeric networks are composed of polymer chains that are covalently crosslinked by azobenzene boronic ester bonds that can be reversibly formed and broken by exposing the polymeric networks to different wavelengths of light.

Zwitterionic double network hydrogels, methods for making zwitterionic double network hydrogels, methods for using zwitterionic double network hydrogels, and articles made from and coated with zwitterionic double network hydrogels.

When a polymer gel has excellent mechanical strength and an ability to maintain surface wetness for a longer time, the polymer gel may be very widely applied to a variety of fields. The present disclosure provides example embodiments of a polymer gel having excellent mechanical strength and an ability to maintain surface wetness for a longer time. Further, the present disclosure provides example embodiments of a method of preparing the polymer gel.

A manufacturing method includes: inducing gelation of an electrically conductive polymer to form a gel; infiltrating the gel with a solution including monomers; and polymerizing the monomers to form a secondary polymer network intermixed with the electrically conductive polymer.

Adhesion of conducting polymers on diverse insulating and conductive substrates via a hydrophilic adhesion layer, where one or more functional groups may be disposed between the substrate and the hydrophilic adhesion layer. Adhesion of the conducting polymers on the substrates is such that adhesion is maintained or substantially maintained in wet physiological environments.