The present application discloses regioselectively substituted cellulose esters, films made from the regioselectively substituted cellulose esters and methods for making the same. The regioselectively substituted cellulose esters are synthesized using trifluoroacetic anhydride and cellulose with various acyl donors or acyl donor precursors.

The present application discloses regioselectively substituted cellulose esters, films made from the regioselectively substituted cellulose esters and methods for making the same. The regioselectively substituted cellulose esters are synthesized using trifluoroacetic anhydride and cellulose with various acyl donors or acyl donor precursors.

The present application discloses regioselectively substituted cellulose esters, films made from the regioselectively substituted cellulose esters and methods for making the same. The regioselectively substituted cellulose esters are synthesized using trifluoroacetic anhydride and cellulose with various acyl donors or acyl donor precursors.

The present invention provides resin beads that can provide various types of products, such as a cosmetic having excellent tactile impression, spreadability on the skin, and transparency, that can be substituted for resin particles composed of a synthetic material derived from petroleum, and that have favorable biodegradability, and the present invention also provides various types of products, such as a cosmetic using the resin beads. The resin beads are formed with a resin containing cellulose as a main component. The resin beads have a cumulative 50% particle size on a volume basis of 50 m or smaller, a degree of sphericity of 0.7 to 1.0, a degree of surface smoothness of 70 to 100%, a degree of solidity of 50 to 100%, and a biodegradation rate for 5 days, as measured in accordance with JIS K6950:2000 (ISO 14851:1999), of 20% or more, and the content of the cellulose in the resin is 90 to 100% by mass. In addition, the present invention provides a product of any one of a cosmetic, a dermatological preparation, a paint, a shaped article, a film, a coating agent, and a resin composition which contain the resin beads.

The present invention relates to polymer compositions comprising at least one basic additive, and processes comprising at least one process step to obtain the polymer composition or articles comprising the polymer composition. The polymer composition generally displays an enhanced biodegradability.

The disclosure provides a very simple and convenient method for producing a porous material of a water-soluble polymer. The herein disclosed method for producing a porous material of a water-soluble polymer includes a step of preparing a solution in which a water-soluble polymer is dissolved in a mixed solvent of water mixed with a solvent having a boiling point higher than that of water, and a step of evaporating and thereby removing the mixed solvent from the solution. The solubility of the water-soluble polymer in the solvent having a boiling point higher than that of water is lower than the solubility of the water-soluble polymer in water. Voids are formed, in the step of evaporating and thereby removing the mixed solvent, by the solvent having a boiling point higher than that of water.

An antifogging film includes a film base and a saponified layer. The film base is formed of cellulose triacetate as cellulose acylate. The saponified layer is provided on a first base surface of the film base and serves as a first film surface of the antifogging film. The saponified layer contains saponified cellulose triacetate. The antifogging film is configured such that the first film surface has a contact angle of 20 or less 15 seconds after dropping of pure water thereto. In a case where the amount of acyl groups of the first film surface is X and the amount of acyl groups of a second base surface is Y, an acyl group ratio obtained by X/Y is 0.7 or less.

According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of continuously dissolving cellulose carbamate in an alkaline aqueous phase to form a solution, comprising the steps of providing cellulose carbamate, mixing the cellulose carbamate with an aqueous alkaline solution to form a mixture, conducting the mixture through the mixing zone of a continuously operated mixing kneader at a temperature of 10 degrees Celsius or less to produce a solution of said cellulose carbamate in an alkaline aqueous phase, and recovering the cellulose carbamate containing aqueous phase.

The optical member according to the present invention includes a film containing a plurality of chain particles and having a refractive index of 1.21 or more and 1.27 or less at a wavelength of 550 nm on a substrate. The film includes an alcohol having an ether bond or an ester bond and having a branched structure having 4 to 7 carbon atoms in a range of 1.0 mg/cm.sup.3 or more and 2.8 mg/cm.sup.3 or less.

Provided is a hard coat film that has not only high surface hardness, but also excellent transparency. The hard coat film includes a substrate and a hard coat layer disposed on at least one side of the substrate. The substrate is selected from a triacetyl cellulose substrate, a polyimide substrate, and a poly(ethylene naphthalate) substrate. The hard coat layer is made of a cured product of a curable composition. The curable composition is a composition that contains a cationically curable silicone resin and a leveling agent. The cationically curable silicone resin is a silicone resin that includes a silsesquioxane unit, includes an epoxy-containing constitutional unit in a proportion of 50 mole percent or more of the totality of all siloxane constitutional units in the silicone resin, and has a number average molecular weight of 1000 to 3000.