A porous membrane includes a polymer which includes one or more structural units selected from the group consisting of a structural unit represented by Formula (I) and a structural unit represented by Formula (II), in which a content of the structural unit represented by Formula (II) is 1% by mass or more and less than 10% by mass with respect to a total mass of the structural unit represented by Formula (I) and the structural unit represented by Formula (II)

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Provided is a polymer material containing at least one kind of a cellulose derivative having (a) an organosilyl group (the organosilyl group having a first aliphatic group, an unsaturated aliphatic group, or an aromatic group), and (b) an acyl group or a second aliphatic group.

A foamed, opacifying element useful as a light-blocking article has a substrate; an opacifying layer disposed on the substrate, and a functional composition disposed over the opacifying layer. The functional composition comprises: (i) inorganic or organic spacer particles having a mode particle size of at least 1 m and up to and including 100 m, and which inorganic or organic spacer particles resist melt flow at a pressure of up to and including 100 psi (689.5 kPa) and a temperature of up to and including 220 C.

A foamed, opacifying element is useful as a light-blocking article, and includes a substrate; an opacifying layer disposed on the substrate, and a functional composition disposed over the opacifying layer. The functional composition comprises a tinting material comprising one or more pigments, one or more dyes, or a combination thereof to provide a desired tint or colorant to the entire foamed, opacifying element.

A foamed, opacifying element is useful as a light-blocking article, and includes a substrate; an opacifying layer disposed on the substrate, and a functional composition disposed over the opacifying layer. The functional composition comprises a tinting material comprising one or more pigments, one or more dyes, or a combination thereof to provide a desired tint or colorant to the entire foamed, opacifying element.

A foamed, opacifying element useful as a light-blocking article has a substrate; an opacifying layer disposed on the substrate, and a functional composition disposed over the opacifying layer. The functional composition comprises: (i) inorganic or organic spacer particles having a mode particle size of at least 1 m and up to and including 100 m, and which inorganic or organic spacer particles resist melt flow at a pressure of up to and including 100 psi (689.5 kPa) and a temperature of up to and including 220 C.

A foamed, opacifying element has a substrate with opposing planar surfaces and a foamed opacifying layer disposed on one opposing surface. The foamed opacifying layer contains (a) 0.1-80 weight % of nonporous polymeric particles; (b) 10-80 weight % of a matrix material derived from a (b) binder material having a glass transition temperature of less than 40? C.; (c) 0.0001-50 weight % of certain additives; (d) less than 5 weight % of water; and (e) at least 0.002 weight % of an opacifying colorant different from all of the (c) additives. Foamable and foamed aqueous compositions can be used to provide these foamed, opacifying elements for use as light-blocking window shades, curtains, or other materials. These light-blocking articles can also have a printable outer surface that accepts ink for making printed images that are not observable from the opposite surface.

Provided are a monomer composition for producing a superabsorbent polymer film, the monomer composition comprising an acrylic acid-based monomer having acidic groups, at least part of which is neutralized, a crosslinking agent, a cellulose-based thickener, a moisturizer, a polymerization initiator, a polyvalent metal salt, and a solvent, and being capable of producing a superabsorbent polymer film showing excellent absorption performances, particularly, an improved initial absorption rate while having a thin thickness, a method of producing a superabsorbent polymer film using the same, and a superabsorbent polymer film produced therefrom.

A method is designed to prepare foamed, opacifying elements each having a target light blocking value (LBV.sub.T) of at least 3, using a textile fabric substrate with a light blocking value (LBV.sub.S). The LBV.sub.T-S difference is calculated; a foamable aqueous composition is chosen; a dry coating weight for the foamable aqueous composition (when foamed) is determined to form a single dry opacifying layer that is foamed, dried, and densified to provide a dry thickness at least 20% less than the original dry thickness. The single dry opacifying layer a has light blocking value that is equal to LBV.sub.T-S, 15%. The desired foamable aqueous composition can be chosen from a set of similar compositions to achieve the desired LBV.sub.T with the noted textile fabric substrate using suitable mathematical formula relating dry coating weight to light blocking value and a suitable data processor.

An object of the present invention is to provide a composition for a molded foam containing a peroxide and a blowing agent, in which cellulose fibers are uniformly dispersed in a resin for a foam molding material having high hydrophobicity such as a thermoplastic resin and a rubber, and a foam excellent in mechanical properties which is obtained by reaction of the composition for a molded foam during foam molding. The composition for a molded foam contains a modified cellulose fiber (A) having an unsaturated bond, a thermoplastic resin and/or a rubber (B), a peroxide (C), and a blowing agent (D).