A method of forming a hybrid physically and chemically cross-linked double-network hydrogel with highly recoverable and mechanical properties in a single-pot synthesis is provided. The method comprises the steps of combining the hydrogel precursor reactants into a single pot. The hydrogel precursor reactants include water; a polysaccharide; a methacrylate monomer; an ultraviolet initiator; and a chemical crosslinker. Next the hydrogel precursor reactants are heated to a temperature higher than the melting point of the polysaccharide and this temperature is retained until the polysaccharide is in a sol state. Then the single-pot is cooled to a temperature lower than the gelation point of the polysaccharide and this temperature is retained to form a first network. Thereafter, photo-initiated polymerization of the methacrylate monomer occurs via the ultraviolet initiator to form the second network.

An on-line control and reaction process for pH adjustment and a control device for automatically adjusting pH value are provided. The process includes mixing a first enhancer and a second enhancer, optionally after diluting the first enhancer and/or the second enhancer with water, to form a mixture, setting a base pH value (1) and a target pH value (2), and adding pH adjuster into the mixture via a pH control unit and mixing to obtain a product with the target pH value. The pH control unit adjusts the adding of the pH adjuster by measuring or inputting certain parameters.

A hybrid polymeric structure, a method for fabricating a hybrid polymeric structure and a method for connecting two polymeric layers with the hybrid polymeric structure, the hybrid polymeric structure including a first polymeric material arranged in a first three-dimensional network, wherein the first three-dimensional network defines a cavity with a plurality of interconnected portions within the first three-dimensional network; and a second polymeric material substantially occupies the cavity of the first three-dimensional network, and defines a second three-dimensional network; wherein the first three-dimensional network and the second three-dimensional network are arranged to physically engage with each other so as to form a unified structure combining the first polymeric material and the second polymeric material.

Disclosed is a method for producing an electrolytic capacitor, the method including the steps of: preparing an anode foil that includes a dielectric layer, a cathode foil, and a fiber structure; preparing a conductive polymer dispersion liquid that contains a conductive polymer component and a dispersion medium; producing a separator by applying the conductive polymer dispersion liquid to the fiber structure and then removing at least a portion of the dispersion medium; and producing a capacitor element by sequentially stacking the anode foil, the separator, and the cathode foil. The dispersion medium contains water. The fiber structure contains a synthetic fiber in an amount of 50 mass % or more. The fiber structure has a density of 0.2 g/cm.sup.3 or more and less than 0.45 g/cm.sup.3.

The present invention discloses a composition comprising superabsorbent polymers in the form of flowable suspension that aid in seed treatment as well as soil quality improvement. The present invention further discloses process of preparing the composition for agriculture and a method of improving seed and soil health using the composite system.

Provided is a foamed acrylic-resin object, in which a heat-resistant temperature in thermomechanical analysis is 170 C. or higher, and the number of bubbles respectively having a major diameter of 2 mm or greater is 2.0 or less per area of 10 cm10 cm.

The invention is related to a hydrated silicone hydrogel contact lens having a layered structural configuration: a lower water content silicone hydrogel core (or bulk material) completely covered with a layer of a higher water content hydrogel totally or substantially free of silicone. A hydrated silicone hydrogel contact lens of the invention possesses high oxygen permeability for maintaining the corneal health and a soft, water-rich, lubricious surface for wearing comfort.

The present invention pertains to a coating film, and more particularly, to an antifogging coating film having excellent antifogging properties, ability to retain antifogging properties, and water resistance. The coating film according to the present invention contains a metal oxide (A) and a hydrophilic compound (B), wherein the elemental concentration ratio (C1s/M), which is between the element C and a metal element and which is obtained from a metal (M) spectrum derived from the metal oxide and a C1s spectrum in an elemental analysis of the surface using XPS, is within the range of 0.2-10. The relative elemental concentration of the element C obtained from a C1s spectrum derived from carbon-oxygen bonds and/or carbon-nitrogen bonds in elemental analysis of the surface using XPS may be within the range of 5-50 atomic %. The metal oxide may be colloidal silica. The coating film according to the present invention can be particularly preferably used as an antifogging coating film and a coating film for automotive exterior parts.

The invention provides a laminated film. The laminated film includes a polyester substrate film, and a coating layer on/over at least one surface of the substrate film. The coating layer includes a resin composition including a resin having an oxazoline group. The laminated film has an inorganic thin-film layer on/over the coating layer, and a protective layer that has a urethane resin and has an adhesion amount of 0.15 to 0.60 g/m.sup.2 on/over the inorganic thin-film layer. The laminated film shows a total reflection infrared absorption spectrum having a ratio P1/P2 ranging from 1.5 to 3.5 wherein P1 is the intensity of a peak having an absorption maximum in a range of 153010 cm.sup.1, and P2 is that in a range of 141010 cm.sup.1. The laminated film further has an oxygen permeability of 5 ml/m.sup.2.Math.d.Math.MPa or less under conditions of 23 C.65% RH.

Polyurethane material for indicating pH at a locus, preferably as indication of presence of microbes, comprising a polyurethane network having immobilised therein one or more hydrophilic copolymers, the or each said copolymer comprising: hydrophilic monomer; and indicating monomer, which provides an indication in response to a change in hydrophilic state of said hydrophilic monomer and/or copolymer; characterised in that the or each copolymer further comprises one or a plurality of ionisable groups or moieties or polymerisable monomers having one or more characteristic pKa values in the range 5 to 10 and which are responsive to pH at the locus in the range pH 5 to pH 10 and in that hydrophilic state of hydrophilic copolymer is dependent on ionisation of said ionisable groups, moieties or monomers; kit and device comprising the material and process for preparation thereof; and use in detecting or sensing microbes or pH.