Modified asphalts and methods for producing the same are disclosed. The modified asphalts can include asphalt having a T5 boiling point of 400 C. or more, an olefin compound, and an acid promoter. The modified asphalt can include at least a portion of the olefin compound chemically grafted to at least a portion of the asphalt. The method can include exposing the asphalt, olefin compound, and acid promoter to a temperature of about 160 C. or more.

A method for treating a substrate is provided herein. The method includes providing a substrate and applying a composition to the substrate to form the treated substrate. The composition includes a binder, a binder additive, and an aluminum salt. A method for improving adhesion of an image to the treated substrate is also provided herein. The method includes providing the substrate, applying the composition to the substrate to form the treated substrate, and applying a liquid toner to the treated substrate to form the image on the treated substrate. A printed material exhibiting improved adhesion of the image to the treated substrate is also provided herein. The printed material includes a treated substrate. The treated substrate includes the substrate and a coating disposed on the substrate and formed from the composition. The printed material further includes the image disposed on the treated substrate and formed from the liquid toner.

Provided is a carboxylic acid-modified nitrile-based copolymer latex, and more particularly, provided are a carboxylic acid-modified nitrile-based copolymer latex which includes a carboxylic acid-modified nitrile-based copolymer including a main monomer-derived repeating unit; and a repeating unit derived from a monomer represented by Chemical Formula 1 below, the main monomer-derived repeating unit including a conjugated diene-based monomer-derived repeating unit, an ethylenically unsaturated nitrile-based monomer-derived repeating unit, and an ethylenically unsaturated acid monomer-derived repeating unit (see description of the present invention), a method for preparing a carboxylic acid-modified nitrile-based copolymer latex, a latex composition for dip-forming including the copolymer latex, and an article formed by the composition.

Compositions are disclosed for dewatering mixtures of petroleum and water. The compositions comprise one or more of the following: an unreacted polysaccharide component; and one or both of a polysaccharide component reacted with a hydrophilic component and a polysaccharide component reacted with a hydrophobic component. The compositions may also include viscosifying agents or stabilizers to stabilize the compositions against separation, for example, prior to use. In particularly preferred embodiments the invention is drawn to compositions for breaking an emulsion; such compositions comprising a carbohydrate component containing a cationic starch joined to a hydrophobic moiety, providing the carbohydrate component oil solubility. The composition may optionally comprise one or more additional demulsifier selected from, without limitation, salts (such as a polyaluminum chloride, an aluminum chlorohydrate, an alum, etc.), metal salts (such as iron and zinc salts), dithiocarbamate, tannin, and organic demulsifiers such as poly-DADMAC and similar compounds.

A method for treating a substrate is provided herein. The method includes providing a substrate and applying a composition to the substrate to form the treated substrate. The composition includes a binder, a binder additive, and an aluminum salt. A method for improving adhesion of an image to the treated substrate is also provided herein. The method includes providing the substrate, applying the composition to the substrate to form the treated substrate, and applying a liquid toner to the treated substrate to form the image on the treated substrate. A printed material exhibiting improved adhesion of the image to the treated substrate is also provided herein. The printed material includes a treated substrate. The treated substrate includes the substrate and a coating disposed on the substrate and formed from the composition. The printed material further includes the image disposed on the treated substrate and formed from the liquid toner.

A preparation method of a conductive elastomer includes the following steps: (1) according to the mass percent of 2075%, dissolving the metallic salts into deionized water to form an electrolyte solution, wherein said metallic salts is either of magnesium nitrate, sodium nitrate, zinc nitrate, cesium nitrate, calcium nitrate, neodymium nitrate, aluminum nitrate, potassium nitrate, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium chloride, zinc chloride, cesium chloride, aluminum chloride or their combinations; (2) according to the mass percent of 1040%, mixing starches into the electrolyte solution prepared in step (1), then at the temperature of 33120 C., stirring to gelatinize the starches, forming a viscous liquid; (3) standing the viscous liquid obtained in step (2) at 2590 C. for 10 min to 48 h to obtain the conductive elastomer.

A method for the manufacture of polyether ketone ketone (PEKK), including: (i) providing a 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene-Lewis acid complex; (ii) purifying said 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene-Lewis acid complex; (iii) reacting said 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene-Lewis acid complex with at least one difunctional aromatic acyl chloride in a reaction solvent and optional additional Lewis acid to obtain a product mixture including a PEKK-Lewis acid complex; and (iv) decomplexing the PEKK-Lewis acid complex to obtain a PEKK polymer.

Further, a composition including at least 40 wt. % of 1,4-bis(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzene-Lewis acid complex and an anhydrous aprotic solvent or solvent mixture, characterized in that it includes less than 1 wt. %, preferably less than 0.5 wt. % and in particular less than 0.1 wt. % of molecules including xanthydrol groups and its use for the manufacture of polyether ketone ketone.

In one aspect, compositions may include a degradable polymer composite, and methods of manufacturing polymer composites, wherein the degradable polymer composite contains a matrix formed from one or more polymers blended with one or more internal catalysts. In another aspect, methods of using a degradable polymer composite in a wellbore may include emplacing a degradable polymer composite in a wellbore traversing a subterranean formation, wherein the degradable polymer composite contains a matrix formed from one or more polymers blended with one or more internal catalysts; and contacting the degradable polymer composite with an aqueous fluid; and allowing the degradable polymer composite to at least partially degrade.

Hydrogel compositions, and corresponding methods of making, are provided. The hydrogels do not freeze, or only partially freeze, over a wide range of temperatures below the freezing temperature of water. Concurrently, these hydrogels also retain their room temperature mechanical properties (e.g., strength, modulus, elasticity) over a wide range of temperatures, including temperatures below the freezing temperature of water. The hydrogels are synthesized by adding a suitable amount of a salt together with previously cross-linked polymer gel. Hydration of the gel with aqueous solutions containing the prescribed salts not only depresses the hydrogel freezing point but protects the structure. For example, the salts do not allow the hydrogel to completely freeze, thus protecting the hydrogel from brittle failure. Whether the hydrogels partially freeze or remain non-frozen when chilled below the freezing temperature of water is determined by concentration of salt within the hydrogel.

A fixed abrasive article having a body including abrasive particles contained within a bond material, the abrasive particles including shaped abrasive particles or elongated abrasive particles having an aspect ratio of length:width of at least 1.1:1, each of the shaped abrasive particles or elongated abrasive particles having a predetermined position or a predetermined three-axis orientation, including a placement angle ranging from +90 degrees to 90 degrees and a rake angle ranging from +90 degrees to 90 degrees.