The present invention is directed to coating compositions for forming diffusion coatings on metal-based substrates. The coating compositions may include a metal powder, an inorganic salt, an activator, and a binder. The present invention is also directed to processes for forming diffusion coatings on metal-based substrates using the disclosed coating compositions.

A pretreatment liquid for ink jet textile printing according to an aspect of the invention used by being applied to a fabric before applying an ink composition for ink jet textile printing to the fabric includes a multivalent metal salt; and an aqueous medium, in which the concentration of the multivalent metal salt is within in a range of 0.025 mol/kg or more and 0.08 mol/kg or less. A textile printing method according to another aspect the invention includes applying a pretreatment liquid to at least a partial region of a fabric; and applying an ink composition for ink jet textile printing to at least a portion of the region to which the pretreatment liquid is applied.

The invention relates to a method for obtaining a magnesium fluoride (MgF.sub.2) sol solution, comprising the steps of providing a magnesium alkoxide precursor in a non-aqueous solvent and adding 1.85 to 2.05 molar equivalents of non-aqueous hydrofluoric acid to said magnesium precursor, characterized in that the reaction proceeds in the presence of carbon dioxide. The invention further relates to sol solutions, method of applying the sol solutions of the invention to surfaces as a coating, and to antireflective coatings obtained thereby.

Disclosed herein are novel materials and methods of forming those novel materials. The materials are synthesized from Poly(acrylic acid), a crosslinker; and a salt. The material can be further synthesized from sodium hydroxide. The crosslinker can be a covalent crosslinking agent such as N,N-methylenebisacrylamide. Examples of applicable salts are calcium chloride, lithium chloride, zinc chloride, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, barium chloride, cesium chloride, magnesium chloride, cobalt chloride, lithium bromide. In example, the Poly(acrylic acid) can be about 3 moles of Poly(acrylic acid), the crosslinker can be about 0.005 moles of N,N-methylenebisacrylamide, and the salt can be formed by the addition of about 0.003 moles of potassium persulfate.

Pressure-responsive particles include pressure-responsive base particles and resin particles, in which the pressure-responsive base particles contain a styrene-based resin that contains styrene and other vinyl monomers as polymerization components and a (meth)acrylic acid ester-based resin that contains at least two kinds of (meth)acrylic acid esters as polymerization components, a ratio of a mass of the (meth)acrylic acid esters to a total mass of polymerization components is 90% by mass or more in the (meth)acrylic acid ester-based resin, the pressure-responsive particles have at least two glass transition temperatures, a difference between a lowest glass transition temperature and a highest glass transition temperature is 30 C. or higher, and a ratio of a mass of the resin particles to a total mass of the pressure-responsive particles is 0.05% by mass or more and 2.0% by mass or less.

Pressure-responsive particles include pressure-responsive base particles and resin particles, in which the pressure-responsive base particles contain a styrene-based resin that contains styrene and other vinyl monomers as polymerization components and a (meth)acrylic acid ester-based resin that contains at least two kinds of (meth)acrylic acid esters as polymerization components, a ratio of a mass of the (meth)acrylic acid esters to a total mass of polymerization components is 90% by mass or more in the (meth)acrylic acid ester-based resin, the pressure-responsive particles have at least two glass transition temperatures, a difference between a lowest glass transition temperature and a highest glass transition temperature is 30 C. or higher, and a ratio of a mass of the resin particles to a total mass of the pressure-responsive particles is 0.05% by mass or more and 2.0% by mass or less.

Aqueous suspensions are presented that are stable against settling without additional mixing in which the suspensions comprise a water soluble polymer that is anionic or non-ionic comprising a blend of water with at least about 32 weight percent chloride salt with a counter ion A.sup.+a with 2a, from about 1 wt % to about 10 wt % particulate polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight from about 1600 g/mol to about 50,000 g/mol, and from about 10 wt % to about 50 wt % of the water soluble polymer that is not a poly ether. The suspension has chlorides in a sufficient amount to inhibit hydration of the suspended water soluble polymer and the particulate polyethylene glycol. The aqueous suspension can be formed by adding a powder of polyethylene glycol to a high salt solution and then adding the high molecular weight polymer. The aqueous suspensions can be useful as friction reducing agents in flowing liquids, such as for hydraulic fracture.

A package for a fresh food selected from fresh mushrooms, fruits, and vegetables. The package includes a substrate having a coating in contact with the fresh food. According to one embodiment the coating includes a hygroscopic polymer matrix, a plasticizer, and a desiccant material selected from calcium chloride, calcium oxide, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate, ammonium chloride, sodium nitrate, citric acid, and tartaric acid, and wherein the amount of plasticizer is from 5 to 20 wt. % with respect to the amount of polymer matrix, and the amount of desiccant material is from 25 to 60 wt. % with respect to the amount of polymer matrix. Also, is provided a process for producing the package.

The invention relates to a method for obtaining a magnesium fluoride (MgF.sub.2) sol solution, comprising the steps of providing a magnesium alkoxide precursor in a non-aqueous solvent and adding 1.85 to 2.05 molar equivalents of non-aqueous hydrofluoric acid to said magnesium precursor, characterized in that the reaction proceeds in the presence of carbon dioxide. The invention further relates to sol solutions, method of applying the sol solutions of the invention to surfaces as a coating, and to antireflective coatings obtained thereby.

The present invention discloses an antimicrobial agent, an antimicrobial high-performance POM composite material, and preparation methods thereof, wherein the preparation method of the antimicrobial agent comprises: Preparing a Tris-HCl buffer solution by mixing a tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane solution with a HCl solution; Adding the Tris-HCl buffer solution and dopamine hydrochloride, magnesium ions, hydroxide ions and solvent into deionized water, and performing a polymerization reaction to obtain Solution A; Placing solution A, hydrogen peroxide, solvent and deionized water into a reaction vessel, and performing an oxidation reaction to synthesize and obtain PDA@MgO.sub.2 antimicrobial agent. The catechol in polydopamine in the PDA@MgO.sub.2 antimicrobial agent in present application provides highly efficient modification sites, which can bond with multiple substances through its metal chelating effect and various chemical reactions. It has good compatibility, which also improves the dispersion performance of the antimicrobial agent in POM, thus enhancing the antimicrobial performance of POM composite material.