The invention provides a polycondensation catalyst for producing polyester by an esterification reaction or a transesterification reaction of a dicarboxylic acid or an ester-forming derivative thereof and a glycol, wherein the polycondensation catalyst comprises particles of a water-insoluble or hardly water-soluble phosphate having on the surfaces a coating layer of titanic acid in an amount, of 0.1 to 100 parts by weight in terms of TiO.sub.2 per 100 parts by weight of the phosphate.

An electrical steel sheet adhesive coating composition according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes, based on 100 wt % of the total solids: a resin at 20 to 40 wt % and having an average particle diameter of 10 to 300 nm; an inorganic nanoparticle at 10 to 35 wt % bonded with the resin; a metal phosphoric acid salt at 10 to 30 wt %; and phosphoric acid at 10 to 40 wt %. An electrical steel sheet product according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes a plurality of electrical steel sheets; and an adhesive layer disposed between the plurality of electrical steel sheets, wherein the adhesive layer includes a metal of one or more kinds among Al, Mg, Ca, Co, Zn, Zr, and Fe at 0.5 to 30 wt %, N at 0.1 to 10 wt %, C at 0.1 to 5 wt %, P at 1 to 30 wt %, a metal of one or more kinds among Si and Ti at 10 to 30 wt %, and a balance of O.

A method for producing a resin composition of the present invention is a method for producing a resin composition, the method including a step of obtaining a resin composition by heating and melt-kneading a mixture containing a particulate nucleating agent in which D.sub.50 is equal to or more than 0.1 μm and equal to or less than 300 μm and a thermoplastic resin using a twin screw extruder (100) including, inside a cylinder (10), a screw (50) having kneading discs (60), in which the step of obtaining a resin composition includes an extrusion step of extruding the mixture supplied into the twin screw extruder (100) in an ejection direction under kneading conditions in which X and Y satisfy 4.0≤X in a range of 6.0×10.sup.3≤Y≤7.0×10.sup.4 when a volume-based ejection amount is denoted by X (10.sup.−6.Math.kg.Math.h.sup.−1.Math.mm.sup.−3), and a strain rate is denoted by Y (min.sup.−1).

A method for producing a resin composition of the present invention is a method for producing a resin composition, the method including a step of obtaining a resin composition by heating and melt-kneading a mixture containing a particulate nucleating agent in which D.sub.50 is equal to or more than 0.1 μm and equal to or less than 300 μm and a thermoplastic resin using a twin screw extruder (100) including, inside a cylinder (10), a screw (50) having kneading discs (60), in which the step of obtaining a resin composition includes an extrusion step of extruding the mixture supplied into the twin screw extruder (100) in an ejection direction under kneading conditions in which X and Y satisfy 4.0≤X in a range of 6.0×10.sup.3≤Y≤7.0×10.sup.4 when a volume-based ejection amount is denoted by X (10.sup.−6.Math.kg.Math.h.sup.−1.Math.mm.sup.−3), and a strain rate is denoted by Y (min.sup.−1).

The present invention relates to a fire, smoke and toxicity retardant (FST) polyamide thermoplastic mass usable for 3D printing which comprises at least one non-halogenated organic flame retardant in combination with at least one particulate inorganic flame retardant. Moreover, the present invention refers to uses of such FST polyamide thermoplastic mass for 3D printing. The invention further relates to methods of preparing a three-dimensionally shaped product by means of 3D printing based on such FST polyamide thermoplastic mass.

A coating for vehicle components, such as frame assemblies and cradle assemblies formed of steel, is provided. The coating includes a first layer including a high phosphate composition applied to the substrate, and a second layer including wax applied to the first layer. For example, the first layer can include a first inorganic acid, an inorganic salt, a second inorganic acid, nickel salt, and ammonium bifluoride; and the second layer can include petroleum, carbon black pigment, and a corrosion inhibitor, the corrosion inhibitor including magnesium. The coating has been found to improve corrosion resistance when applied to steel substrates, compared to wax coatings which are currently applied to steel substrates.

A method for producing a resin composition of the present invention is a method for producing a resin composition, the method including a step of obtaining a resin composition by heating and melt-kneading a mixture containing a particulate nucleating agent in which D.sub.50 is equal to or more than 0.1 μm and equal to or less than 300 μm and a thermoplastic resin using a twin screw extruder (100) including, inside a cylinder (10), a screw (50) having kneading discs (60), in which the step of obtaining a resin composition includes an extrusion step of extruding the mixture supplied into the twin screw extruder (100) in an ejection direction under kneading conditions in which X and Y satisfy 4.0≤X in a range of 6.0×10.sup.3≤Y≤7.0×10.sup.4 when a volume-based ejection amount is denoted by X (10.sup.−6.Math.kg.Math.h.sup.−1.Math.mm.sup.−3), and a strain rate is denoted by Y (min.sup.−1).

A method for producing a resin composition of the present invention is a method for producing a resin composition, the method including a step of obtaining a resin composition by heating and melt-kneading a mixture containing a particulate nucleating agent in which D.sub.50 is equal to or more than 0.1 μm and equal to or less than 300 μm and a thermoplastic resin using a twin screw extruder (100) including, inside a cylinder (10), a screw (50) having kneading discs (60), in which the step of obtaining a resin composition includes an extrusion step of extruding the mixture supplied into the twin screw extruder (100) in an ejection direction under kneading conditions in which X and Y satisfy 4.0≤X in a range of 6.0×10.sup.3≤Y≤7.0×10.sup.4 when a volume-based ejection amount is denoted by X (10.sup.−6.Math.kg.Math.h.sup.−1.Math.mm.sup.−3), and a strain rate is denoted by Y (min.sup.−1).

Provided are zirconium phosphate particles, obtained by bringing α-zirconium phosphate particles into contact with a basic liquid having a pH of 9 or higher and then further bringing the particles into contact with an acidic liquid having a pH of 6 or lower, or zirconium phosphate particles, in which, after leaving for 10 minutes from putting 10 mg of zirconium phosphate particles and 3 L of air that contains 1,000 ppm of an ammonia gas into a test bag at normal temperature and normal pressure, an ammonia gas reduction rate within the test bag that contains the zirconium phosphate particles is 50% or more.

The present invention relates to a process for electroplating an adhesive composition onto at least one conductive element, in which the conductive element is placed in contact with the adhesive composition comprising: a phosphate salt and a resin based on: a compound A1, compound A1 being chosen from a compound A11 comprising at least two functions, one of these functions being a hydroxymethyl function and the other being an aldehyde function or a hydroxymethyl function, or a compound A12 comprising at least one aldehyde function, or a mixture of a compound A11 and of a compound A12; and a phenol A21. A potential difference is applied between the conductive element and the adhesive composition to coat the conductive element with an adhesive layer.