Nanostructured materials, and methods and apparatus for their production are provided. Nanostructured materials comprise nanofibers having nanoparticles deposited along the outer surface thereof. The size of the nanofibers and nanoparticles, and the spacing of such nanoparticles along the nanofibers may be controlled over a wide range. Nanostructured materials may comprise a plurality of such nanofibers interwoven together to form fiber cloth-like materials. Many materials may be used to form the nanofibers including polymer nanofiber materials (e.g., polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), etc.) along with compatible nanoparticle materials (e.g., salts or other crystallizable materials).

The invention provides a cured product (for example, a film including the cured product) which has an excellent balance between hydrophilicity and abrasion resistance, can retain high hydrophilicity even when washed with water, and can remain hydrophilic and resistant to the attachment of (or can be easily cleaned of) contaminants even when subjected to long storage or heating, and a composition which can give such cured products. A cured product is obtained by curing a composition which includes a copolymer (i) including structural units represented by specific chemical formulae, and an amino resin (ii).

A composition includes a near infrared absorbing pigment, a compound represented by Formula (1), a primary to tertiary amine compound having a molecular weight of 500 or less and a boiling point of 300 C. or lower, a resin, and a solvent. The compound represented by Formula (1) has a solubility in propylene glycol methyl ether acetate at 25 C. of 0.1 g/L or higher. A content of the amine compound in a total solid content of the composition is 10-5000 mass ppm. In Formula (1), P.sup.1 represents a colorant structure, L.sup.1 represents a single bond or a linking group, X.sup.1 represents an acid group, a basic group, a group having a salt structure, or a phthalimide methyl group, m is 1 or more, and n is 1 or more.
P.sup.1L.sup.1-(X.sup.1).sub.n).sub.m(1)

A composition includes a near infrared absorbing pigment, a compound represented by Formula (1), a primary to tertiary amine compound having a molecular weight of 500 or less and a boiling point of 300 C. or lower, a resin, and a solvent. The compound represented by Formula (1) has a solubility in propylene glycol methyl ether acetate at 25 C. of 0.1 g/L or higher. A content of the amine compound in a total solid content of the composition is 10-5000 mass ppm. In Formula (1), P.sup.1 represents a colorant structure, L.sup.1 represents a single bond or a linking group, X.sup.1 represents an acid group, a basic group, a group having a salt structure, or a phthalimide methyl group, m is 1 or more, and n is 1 or more.
P.sup.1L.sup.1-(X.sup.1).sub.n).sub.m(1)

An object of the present invention is to provide a rubber composition for tire that is excellent in abrasion resistance, initial grip performance and stability of grip performance while maintaining processability. The rubber composition for tire comprises a diene rubber component, a hydrocarbon resin containing a component unit derived from a monomer component having a heteroatom or a hydrogenated product thereof (resin A) and a hydrocarbon resin that does not contain a component unit derived from a monomer component having a heteroatom or a hydrogenated product thereof (resin B), wherein a content ratio (mass ratio) of the resin B to the resin A is 0.1 to 50.

An object of the present invention is to provide a rubber composition for tire that is excellent in abrasion resistance, initial grip performance and stability of grip performance while maintaining processability. The rubber composition for tire comprises a diene rubber component, a hydrocarbon resin containing a component unit derived from a monomer component having a heteroatom or a hydrogenated product thereof (resin A) and a hydrocarbon resin that does not contain a component unit derived from a monomer component having a heteroatom or a hydrogenated product thereof (resin B), wherein a content ratio (mass ratio) of the resin B to the resin A is 0.1 to 50.

An object of the present invention is to provide a rubber composition for tire that is excellent in abrasion resistance, initial grip performance and stability of grip performance while maintaining processability. The rubber composition for tire comprises a diene rubber component, a hydrocarbon resin containing a component unit derived from a monomer component having a heteroatom or a hydrogenated product thereof (resin A) and a hydrocarbon resin that does not contain a component unit derived from a monomer component having a heteroatom or a hydrogenated product thereof (resin B), wherein a content ratio (mass ratio) of the resin B to the resin A is 0.1 to 50.

The invention provides a cured product (for example, a film including the cured product) which has an excellent balance between hydrophilicity and abrasion resistance, can retain high hydrophilicity even when washed with water, and can remain hydrophilic and resistant to the attachment of (or can be easily cleaned of) contaminants even when subjected to long storage or heating, and a composition which can give such cured products. A cured product is obtained by curing a composition which includes a copolymer (i) including structural units represented by specific chemical formulae, and an amino resin (ii).

An object of the present invention is to provide a rubber composition for tire that is excellent in abrasion resistance, initial grip performance and stability of grip performance while maintaining processability. The rubber composition for tire comprises a diene rubber component, a hydrocarbon resin containing a component unit derived from a monomer component having a heteroatom or a hydrogenated product thereof (resin A) and a hydrocarbon resin that does not contain a component unit derived from a monomer component having a heteroatom or a hydrogenated product thereof (resin B), wherein a content ratio (mass ratio) of the resin B to the resin A is 0.1 to 50.

An object of the present invention is to provide a rubber composition for tire that is excellent in abrasion resistance, initial grip performance and stability of grip performance while maintaining processability. The rubber composition for tire comprises a diene rubber component, a hydrocarbon resin containing a component unit derived from a monomer component having a heteroatom or a hydrogenated product thereof (resin A) and a hydrocarbon resin that does not contain a component unit derived from a monomer component having a heteroatom or a hydrogenated product thereof (resin B), wherein a content ratio (mass ratio) of the resin B to the resin A is 0.1 to 50.