This disclosure concerns electrically conducting poly(pyrazoles). The concept of oligomerizing and polymerizing substituted aminopyrazole derivatives combined with a monomer activation procedure involving base-mediated conversion of the protonated pyrazole ring nitrogen to amine salt was developed. This disclosure concerns the specific chemistries needed for the synthesis of a pyrazole monomer used in the polymer synthesis. The procedure used for blending the novel polypyrazoles with other compounds needed for construction of solar cells for testing was developed. This disclosure concerns the concept of using these types of heteroatom-rich, electron-deficient oligomers or polymers as n-dopable or p-dopable electron acceptors in photovoltaic cells. This disclosure concerns synthesizing the starting monomer compounds and polypyrazoles.

A device substrate is provided with an increased light transmittance that is a resin film resistant to thermal decomposition in high temperature processes, along with a production method for a device substrate, a device, and a production method for a device, where a resin composition designed to produce a resin film to be used as a substrate for a display device or light receiving device, comprises (a) a resin that has a repeating unit as represented by the chemical formula (1) or (2) as a primary component and (b) a chemical compound as represented by the chemical formula (3) and/or a condensation product thereof,

##STR00001##

wherein in the chemical formulae (1) and (2), X, Y, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are defined, and

Si(OR.sup.11).sub.n(R.sup.12).sub.4-n  (3)

wherein in the chemical formula (3), R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 are as defined.

The present invention relates to a silane-grafted polyolefin, to a multilayer composition comprising said polyolefin and to an article comprising said composition.

The present invention generally relates to artificial photosystems and methods of their use, for example in artificial photosynthesis, wherein the artificial photosystems comprise one or more light-harvesting antenna (LHA) comprising a conjugated polyelectrolyte (CPE) complex (CPEC) comprising a donor CPE and an acceptor CPE, wherein the donor CPE and acceptor CPE are an electronic energy transfer (EET) donor/acceptor pair.

Provided are novel cross-linked polymers and their use in various materials, including packaging films and injection molded articles. These polymers, which comprise certain hydroxyl-containing crosslinking compounds, as well as optionally adjuvants, show improved creep resistance when compared to conventional ethylene acrylic or methacrylic acid copolymers and their ionomers.

The present disclosure provides a photovoltaic module. In an embodiment, the photovoltaic module includes a photovoltaic cell, and a layer composed of a film. The film includes a silane-grafted polyolefin (Si-g-PO) resin composition comprising (i) one or more silane grafted polyolefins and (ii) from greater than 0 wt % to less than 5.0 wt % of a micronized silica gel, based on the total weight of the Si-g-PO resin composition. The film has a glass adhesion greater than or equal to 15 N/mm after aging the film at 40° C. and 0% relative humidity for 60 days as measured in accordance with ASTM F88/88M-09.

A polyisocyanate composition is produced by reaction of bis(isocyanatomethyl) cyclohexane with trimethylolpropane, and contains a trimethylolpropane-monomolecular-body obtained by reaction of three molecules of bis(isocyanatomethyl) cyclohexane with one molecule of trimethylolpropane, and a trimethylolpropane-bimolecular-body obtained by reaction of five molecules of bis(isocyanatomethyl) cyclohexane with two molecules of trimethylolpropane; and the molar ratio of trimethylolpropane-monomolecular-body relative to trimethylolpropane-bimolecular-body (trimethylolpropane-monomolecular-body/trimethylolpropane-bimolecular-body) contained in the polyisocyanate composition is 1.5 or more and 4.5 or less.

The present application relates to an encapsulant for a PV module, a method of manufacturing the same and a PV module. The encapsulant according to an embodiment of the present application has excellent heat resistance or the like and improved creep physical properties, and thus even when the encapsulant is used under conditions of a high temperature and/or high humidity for a long time, deformation is small and the encapsulant can exhibit excellent adhesive strength. Accordingly, when the encapsulant is applied to a PV module, durability or the like may be improved.

Disclosed is a polyamide-ionomer composition suitable for use in a backsheet in a photovoltaic module comprising a polymer component comprising a polyamide and an ionomer comprising a copolymer of ethylene, an alpha, beta-unsaturated C.sub.3-C.sub.8 carboxylic acid, wherein the carboxylic acid functionalities present are at least partially neutralized to carboxylate salts of one or more alkali metal, transition metal, or alkaline earth metal cations; 0 to 20 weight % of pigment; and 0 to 40 weight % of filler; wherein the combination of pigment and filler comprises 8 to 50 weight % of the composition; and 0 to 5 weight % of weatherability additives.

Disclosed is a polyamide-ionomer composition suitable for use in a backsheet in a photovoltaic module comprising a polymer component a polyamide and an anhydride ionomer comprising a copolymer of ethylene, an alpha, beta-unsaturated C.sub.3-C.sub.8 carboxylic acid and an ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid or derivative thereof selected from the group consisting of maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, maleic anhydride, and a C.sub.1-C.sub.1 alkyl half ester of maleic acid, wherein the carboxylic acid functionalities present are at least partially neutralized to carboxylate salts of one or more alkali metal, transition metal, or alkaline earth metal cations; 0 to 20 weight % of pigment; and 0 to 40 weight % of filler; preferably wherein the combination of pigment and filler comprises 10 to 50 weight % of the composition; and 0 to 5 weight % of weatherability additives.