A conductive paste composition includes 1 to 10 parts by weight of a binder (A), 2 to 20 parts by weight of an epoxy monomer (B), 1 to 20 parts by weight of a crosslinking agent (C), and 70 to 95 parts by weight of a conductive filler (D). The binder (A) is a reactive oligomer having a siloxane bond as a main skeleton and including a plurality of oxirane rings as an organic group. The epoxy monomer (B) includes an oxirane ring. The total amount of the binder (A), the epoxy monomer (B), the crosslinking agent (C), and the conductive filler (D) is 100 parts by weight.

A novel AB-type copolymer for use in organic photovoltaics. The AB-type copolymer comprises a unit A, where the unit A is ##STR00001##
where R.sub.1 is a carbon chain from about 1 to about 30 units and where Y is selected from CN, F and Cl. The B unit of the AB-type copolymer is selected from is selected from: ##STR00002## ##STR00003##
wherein
X.sub.1, X.sub.2, X.sub.3, and X.sub.4 are independently selected from the group consisting of: H, Cl, F, CN, alkyl, alkylthiol, alkoxy, ester, ketone, amide and aryl groups.

The present disclosure is directed to variable composition ceramics. Zr.sub.(2−x)Hf.sub.(x)WP.sub.2O.sub.12 and Hf.sub.2WP.sub.2O.sub.12 exhibit large negative thermal expansion that is linear over a large temperature range up to at least 900° C., These new ceramic material particles may be mixed with polymers to make a composite suitable for use in backsheets for photovoltaic modules or in other applications. The thermal expansion coefficient of the composite can be tailored to match that of the solar cell in order to reduce stress resulting from daily thermal cycling.

This disclosure concerns electrically conducting poly(pyrazoles). The concept of oligomerizing and polymerizing substituted aminopyrazole derivatives combined with a monomer activation procedure involving base-mediated conversion of the protonated pyrazole ring nitrogen to amine salt was developed. This disclosure concerns the specific chemistries needed for the synthesis of a pyrazole monomer used in the polymer synthesis. The procedure used for blending the novel polypyrazoles with other compounds needed for construction of solar cells for testing was developed. This disclosure concerns the concept of using these types of heteroatom-rich, electron-deficient oligomers or polymers as n-dopable or p-dopable electron acceptors in photovoltaic cells. This disclosure concerns synthesizing the starting monomer compounds and polypyrazoles.

Provided is a polymer of the formula: ##STR00001##
and compositions comprising the same. The polymers comprise a cyclic unsaturated group (Z.sup.3) within the siloxane polymer backbone. The polymers have been found to exhibit good thermal conductivity and may find utility in a variety of applications.

This disclosure concerns electrically conducting poly(pyrazoles). The concept of oligomerizing and polymerizing substituted aminopyrazole derivatives combined with a monomer activation procedure involving base-mediated conversion of the protonated pyrazole ring nitrogen to amine salt was developed. This disclosure concerns the specific chemistries needed for the synthesis of a pyrazole monomer used in the polymer synthesis. The procedure used for blending the novel polypyrazoles with other compounds needed for construction of solar cells for testing was developed. This disclosure concerns the concept of using these types of heteroatom-rich, electron-deficient oligomers or polymers as n-dopable or p-dopable electron acceptors in photovoltaic cells. This disclosure concerns synthesizing the starting monomer compounds and polypyrazoles.

A laminated sheet of a two-layer sheet in which an L1 layer including 50 to 99 parts by mass of an ethylene-based polymer (E1) having a density of 0.890 to 970 kg/m.sup.3 and 1 to 50 parts by mass of a propylene-based polymer (P1) is in contact with an L2 layer including 50 to 100 parts by mass of a propylene-based polymer (P2) and 0 to 50 parts by mass of an ethylene-based elastomer (E2) having a density of equal to or more than 850 kg/m.sup.3 and less than 890 kg/m.sup.3, in which the propylene-based polymer (P1) includes a propylene-based elastomer (P1a) including a propylene-derived constitutional unit and an ethylene-derived constitutional unit and/or a constitutional unit derived from an -olefin having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, and having a melting point (Tm) that is lower than 120 C. or not observable; and a solar cell backsheet formed using the same.

The present invention is a sealing sheet for a back surface of a solar cell comprising only one polyester film, wherein the polyester film is composed of at least the layer A and the layer B, or the layer A, the layer B and the layer C described below, wherein the polyester film has a given whiteness and a given average reflectance of the polyester film, a given acid value of the polyester, a given thickness of the whole polyester film, a given thickness of the A layer and the B layer, and a given content of the inorganic fine particles in the whole polyester film. Layer A: a polyester resin layer in which the content of the inorganic fine particles is 10 to 35% by mass Layer B: a polyester resin layer in which the content of the inorganic fine particles is 0 to 8% by mass, which is the smallest among the contents of the inorganic fine particles in the layer A, the layer B and the layer C Layer C: a polyester resin layer in which the content of the inorganic fine particles is 0.4 to 10% by mass.

A polyester sheet including a polyester (A), a 4-methyl-1-pentene polymer (B) having a specific heat of fusion and a meso diad fraction (m) of 98.5 to 100%, and a compatibilizing agent (C), wherein content proportions of the (A), (B), and (C) are 60 to 98.9 parts by mass for (A), 1 to 25 parts by mass for (B), and 0.1 to 15 parts by mass for (C), when a total content of (A), (B), and (C) is set as 100 parts by mass, and wherein (B) satisfies the requirements (a) to (d) described herein.

The present application relates to an encapsulant for a PV module, a method of manufacturing the same, and a PV module. The encapsulant according to an embodiment of the present application has excellent heat resistance or the like and improved creep properties, exhibits a haze with a certain level or less and excellent optical properties such as transparency or the like, when the encapsulant is applied to a PV module, physical properties such as durability, transparency, or the like are improved, and thus excellent generating efficiency of the PV module may be obtained.