Provided are any one of the following compounds and a fluorescently labeled biological substance having this compound.

##STR00001##

R.sup.1 to R.sup.27, L.sup.11, L.sup.12, and X.sup.+ represent a specific group, and at least one of R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 represents a substituted alkyl group.

In a case where at least one of R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 is an alkyl group having a carboxy group or a substituent capable of being bonded to a biological substance, at least one of R.sup.11 to R.sup.27 is an alkyl group or an aryl group, or at least one of R.sup.1 to R.sup.4, which does not correspond to the alkyl group having a carboxy group or an alkyl group having a substituent capable of being bonded to a biological substance, is an alkyl group having a sulfoalkyl group through a single bond or a linking group.

The total of n1 to n4 is an integer of 3 or more, and m=n1+n2+n3+n4−1 is satisfied.

At least one of R.sup.1 to R.sup.4, R.sup.13, L.sup.11 or L.sup.12 in Formula (1) and at least one of R.sup.1 to R.sup.4, R.sup.24, L.sup.11, or L.sup.12 in Formula (2) have a specific substituent.

An object of this invention is to provide a streptavidin mutant reduced in affinity to the naturally-occurring biotin, and to provide a modified biotin which shows a high affinity to such streptavidin mutant reduced in affinity to the naturally-occurring biotin. This invention can provide a compound composed of a dimer of modified biotin, a streptavidin mutant, and usage of them.

According to the present teachings, compositions, kits, and methods for protein melt analysis are provided that utilizing one or more fluorophore dyes. In some embodiments, a method comprises preparing a sample by mixing at least one protein with two or more dyes, and applying a controlled heating, while recording the fluorescence emission of the sample. The methods can be used, for example, for screening conditions for optimized protein stability, screening for ligands that bind and enhance protein stability (e.g., protein-protein interactions), screening for mutations for enhanced stability, screening crystallization conditions for protein stability, screening storage conditions for protein stability, and screening conditions in which a protein will be used (e.g., production conditions, treatment conditions, etc.) for protein stability.

According to the present teachings, compositions, kits, and methods for protein melt analysis are provided that utilizing one or more fluorophore dyes. In some embodiments, a method comprises preparing a sample by mixing at least one protein with two or more dyes, and applying a controlled heating, while recording the fluorescence emission of the sample. The methods can be used, for example, for screening conditions for optimized protein stability, screening for ligands that bind and enhance protein stability (e.g., protein-protein interactions), screening for mutations for enhanced stability, screening crystallization conditions for protein stability, screening storage conditions for protein stability, and screening conditions in which a protein will be used (e.g., production conditions, treatment conditions, etc.) for protein stability.

The present invention relates to an optical filter containing: an absorption layer containing a near-infrared absorbing dye (A) having a maximum absorption wavelength in dichloromethane being in a wavelength range of 850 to 1,100 nm and a transparent resin; and a reflection layer formed of a dielectric multilayer film, in which the near-infrared absorbing dye (A) satisfies the following Formulae (1) to (4).

ABS.sub.400(A)DCM/ABS.sub.max(A)DCM<0.10(1),

ABS.sub.550(A)DCM/ABS.sub.max(A)DCM<0.04(2),

ABS.sub.400(A)TR/ABS.sub.max(A)TR<0.15(3), and

ABS.sub.550(A)TR/ABS.sub.max(A)TR<0.10(4).

The present invention is directed, in certain embodiments, to polymerizable near-IR dyes and polymers comprising said dyes as monomeric residues. In other embodiments, the present invention also relates to methods for the preparation of polymerizable near-IR dyes, and to the use of polymerizable near-IR dyes in the preparation of fluorescent polymers.

The present disclosure relates to chemical dyes useful for staining and imaging of cells. In particular, the disclosure relates to compound of Formula I, method of preparation thereof, and it's use as a fluorescent probe for staining and/or imaging mitochondria in cells, tissues or animals, resulting in a range of applications including, but not limiting, to sensing local ordering or viscosity of mitochondria, tracking mitochondrial mobility, comparing & evaluating mitochondrial function, local ordering, microviscosity and dynamics. Said dyes have additional advantages including, but not limiting, to low toxicity, longer shelf-life, generate little or no reactive species upon long term light irradiation and do not perturb the functionality of the mitochondria in cells compared to prior art dyes. ##STR00001##

Provided are a protective sheet and a spectacle lens including at least one dye selected from the group consisting of a dye represented by Formula (1) and a dye represented by Formula (2), and application thereof. In Formula (1), R.sup.71 to R.sup.74 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, or the like. In Formula (2), R.sup.21 represents an alkyl group, an aryl group, a heterocyclic group, or the like, R.sup.22 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, or the like, and at least one of R.sup.21 or R.sup.22 is an alkyl group having 4 or more carbon atoms. n represents 0 or 1, and m represents an integer of 1 to 5. ##STR00001##

The present invention is directed, in certain embodiments, to polymerizable near-IR dyes and polymers comprising said dyes as monomeric residues. In other embodiments, the present invention also relates to methods for the preparation of polymerizable near-IR dyes, and to the use of polymerizable near-IR dyes in the preparation of fluorescent polymers.

A method of quenching excited state energy from a photodegradable pigment that has been excited by absorption of light having a wavelength in the wavelength range of 290-800 nm, comprising reacting a pigment with a conjugated fused tricyclic compound having electron withdrawing groups of Formula (II) or a salt thereof: ##STR00001## wherein: A is selected from the group consisting of O, S, CO, CS, ##STR00002## B.sup.1, B.sup.2, D.sup.1 and D.sup.2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, I, CF.sub.3, CC13, NR33+, NO2, CN, C(O)R4, C(O)OR, SO2R5, aryl, and CCHR6; each m independently is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; a is 0 or 1; each R is independently selected from the group consisting of LI, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, and aryl; R.sup.2 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and aryl; each R.sup.3 is independently selected from the group consisting of H and C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl; each R.sup.4 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, and aryl; each R.sup.5 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, O, OH, NH.sub.2, and Cl; and each R.sup.6 is-independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, and aryl.