Compounds useful as fluorescent or colored dyes are disclosed. The compounds have the following structure (I), including stereoisomers, salts and tautomers thereof, wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, L.sup.1, L.sup.2, L.sup.3, L.sup.4, L.sup.5, M, m and n are as defined herein. Methods associated with preparation and use of such compounds are also provided.

##STR00001##

Disclosed herein are reversibly-switchable surfactants and methods of extracting natural products, coating surfaces, cleaning laundry, and osmotic extraction using same.

Polymers, monomers, chromophoric polymer dots and related methods are provided. Highly fluorescent chromophoric polymer dots with narrow-band emissions are provided. Methods for synthesizing the chromophoric polymers, preparation methods for forming the chromophoric polymer dots, and biological applications using the unique properties of narrow-band emissions are also provided.

A colored composition of the present invention includes a dye compound having an anionic moiety including at least one of a structure represented by the following General Formula (A1), a structure represented by the following General Formula (A2), and a structure containing a boron atom, and a dye structure having a cationic moiety, in which the anionic moiety and the cationic moiety are bonded to each other via a covalent bond and present in the same molecule; a curable compound; and a solvent.

##STR00001## (in General Formula (A1), R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently represent SO.sub.2 or CO)

##STR00002## (in General Formula (A2), R.sup.3 represents SO.sub.2 or CO; and R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 each independently represent SO.sub.2, CO, or CN)

Polymers, monomers, chromophoric polymer dots and related methods are provided. Highly fluorescent chromophoric polymer dots with narrow-band emissions are provided. Methods for synthesizing the chromophoric polymers, preparation methods for forming the chromophoric polymer dots, and biological applications using the unique properties of narrow-band emissions are also provided.

With a colored composition of the related art, elution resistance within a practical range is not obtained. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a colored composition having better elution resistance (less dye elution) than that of the colored composition of the related art.

The present invention relates to a compound represented by the following general formula (1), a colored composition comprising the compound, and the like.

##STR00001##

{In the formula, Dye represents a dye residue, R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, Y.sub.0 represents a single bond or the like, Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.2 each independently represent O or the like, A.sub.1 represents a specific alkylene group or the like, A.sub.2 represents an alkylene group which may have O in a chain and has a group represented by the following general formula (2) in the chain or on the terminal of the chain, and n represents 1 or 2;

##STR00002## (in the formula, R.sub.1 and Y.sub.2 are the same as described above, R.sub.3 represents a group represented by the following general formula (2-1) or the like, and A.sub.3 represents a specific alkylene group or the like;

##STR00003## [in the formula, R.sub.1, A.sub.3, and Y.sub.2 are the same as described above.].).}

Compositions, methods, and systems are provided for fluorescent polymerase enzyme substrates comprising protein shields for improving enzyme photostability in single molecule real time sequencing. Fluorescent polymerase enzyme substrates of the invention have a protein shield between the fluorescent dye moieties and nucleotide moieties of the polymerase enzyme substrate. The polymerase enzyme substrates have a nucleotide component and a dye component, each attached to a protein. The attachments can be covalent. The protein can, for example, prevent the direct interaction of the fluorescent dye moiety with the enzyme when carrying out nucleotide synthesis, preventing photodamage to the enzyme. The polymerase enzyme substrates of the invention can have multiple dyes and multiple nucleotide moieties.

The ink contains: an ink agent containing a polymer having a chromophore; and a binder resin. The ink preferably further contains water, an antiseptic agent, and/or a hydrotropic agent. The polymer is preferably in a particulate form. The textile printing method includes discharging droplets of the ink to attach the droplets onto a woven fabric and heating the woven fabric obtained after the discharging. The printed textile of the present invention is obtained by the aforementioned textile printing method. The ink agent for textile of the present invention contains a polymer having a chromophore.

The present disclosure relates to polymers which contain a hydrophobic and hydrophilic segment which is sensitive to pH. In some aspects, the polymers form a micelle which is sensitive to pH and results in a change in fluorescence based upon the particular pH. In some aspects, the disclosure also provides methods of using the polymers for the imaging of cellular or extracellular environment or delivering a drug.

Protected fluorescent reagent compounds and their methods of synthesis are provided. The compounds are useful in various fluorescence-based analytical methods, including the analysis of highly multiplexed optical reactions in large numbers at high densities, such as single molecule real time nucleic acid sequencing reactions. The compounds contain fluorescent dye elements, that allow the compounds to be detected with high sensitivity at desirable wavelengths, binding elements, that allow the compounds to be recognized specifically by target biomolecules, and protective shield elements, that decrease undesirable contacts between the fluorescent dye elements and the bound target biomolecules and that therefore decrease photodamage of the bound target biomolecules by the fluorescent dye elements.