An electrochromic element is provided. The electrochromic element includes a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode with a gap therebetween, and a color developing layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The color developing layer includes an electrochromic compound that develops and discharges color by a redox reaction and a compound having an adsorption group adsorptive to the first electrode.

A composition comprising: (a) a leuco composition; and (b) a stabilizing amount of an antioxidant composition. The antioxidant composition comprises at least one sterically hindered phenol and at least one substituted diarylamine, and the mole ratio of the hindered phenol to the substituted diarylamine is greater than 1:1. In another embodiment, a composition comprises (a) a leuco composition and (b) an antioxidant composition; and optionally (c) a solvent composition. The combined mass of the leuco compounds and antioxidants present in the composition is 10% or more of the total mass of the composition, and (b) the molar ratio of antioxidants present in the composition to leuco compounds present in the composition is greater than 1:1.

The present invention relates to polymeric shading dye and their use in laundry applications. The polymers are alkoxylated polyethylene imines and the dyes are reactive dyes.

A recording material includes a dye-bonded polymer compound which contains a polymer compound to which a one-photon absorption dye is bonded, and a glass transition temperature of the recording material is higher than 200° C. An optical information recording medium includes a recording layer and an intermediate layer adjacent to the recording layer, and the recording layer contains the above-described recording material.

Compounds useful as fluorescent or colored dyes are disclosed. The compounds have the following structure (I):

##STR00001##

or a stereoisomer, tautomer or salt thereof, wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, L.sup.1, L.sup.2, L.sup.3, L.sup.4, M, m and n are as defined herein. Methods associated with preparation and use of such compounds are also provided.

Oxacycloolefinic polymers as typically obtained by metathesis polymerization using Ru-catalysts, show good solubility and are well suitable as dielectric material in electronic devices such as capacitors and organic field effect transistors.

The present invention relates to a fluorescent polymer cast on the surface of wells of a plate and a plate comprising the fluorescent polymer. The plate is used in a method for calibrating read-out values of plate readers. The method for calibrating the plate readers can effectively reduce the deviation of read-out values among different plate readers.

Disclosed herein is a tricyclic octacationic cyclophane and complexes comprising the tricyclic octacationic cyclophane and a perylene diimide dye complexed therein and methods of using and making the cyclophane and complexes.

Disclosed herein are receptor-substrate complexes comprising an octacationic tricyclic cyclophane and a pyrrole dye complexed therein and methods of using and making the same.

A compound, an acrylic polymer formed by a copolymerization reaction of the compound with an ethylenic unsaturated monomer, photosensitive resin composition including the compound being represented by Chemical Formula 1 and a color filter:

##STR00001##