A positive electrode active material includes a core and a coating layer disposed on the core, wherein the core includes Li.sub.1+xMO.sub.2+y, wherein M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), and copper (Cu), and 1x5 and 0y2, and the coating layer includes carbon-based particles, wherein the carbon-based particle includes a structure in which a plurality of graphene sheets are connected, the carbon-based particle has an oxygen content of 1 wt % or more in the carbon-based particle, and the carbon-based particle has a D/G peak ratio of 1.55 or less during Raman spectrum measurement. A method of preparing the positive electrode active material, a positive electrode including the positive electrode active material, and a secondary battery including the positive electrode are also provided.

Methods for the production of carbon black using an extender fluid(s) are provided as well as methods to control one or more particle properties of carbon black utilizing extender fluids and other techniques.

Methods for the production of carbon black using an extender fluid(s) are provided as well as methods to control one or more particle properties of carbon black utilizing extender fluids and other techniques.

A chemically functionalized carbon lattice formed by a process comprising heating a carbon lattice nucleus in a reactor to a temperature between room temperature and 1500 C. The process also may comprise exposing the carbon lattice nucleus to carbonaceous gas to adsorb carbon atoms in the carbonaceous gas onto edges of the carbon lattice nucleus, covalently bond the adsorbed carbon atoms to one another in polyatomic rings, a portion of the polyatomic rings comprising non-hexagonal rings, covalently bond the polyatomic rings to one another in one or more new lattice regions extending off the carbon lattice nucleus thereby forming an engineered lattice incorporating the non-hexagonal rings, exposing a portion of the engineered lattice to one or more chemicals to bond at least one of a functional group and molecule to the engineered lattice.

A corrosion resistant material is described including a substrate, a first material including less than about 90% of an amino group or epoxy group, between about 0.05% and about 50% siloxane, between about 5% and about 80% nanoparticles, microparticles, or macroparticles, and between about 0.1% and about 5% of a first functionalized graphitic material, a second material including less than about 90% of a silyl group, between about 0.05% and about 50% siloxane, between about 5% and about 80% nanoparticles, microparticles, or macroparticles, and between about 0.1% and about 5% of a second functionalized graphitic material, and a third material including less than about 90% of an amino group or epoxy group and a silyl group, between about 0.05% and about 50% siloxane, between about 5% and about 80% nanoparticles, microparticles, or macroparticles, and between about 0.1% and about 5% of a third functionalized graphitic material.

A corrosion resistant material is described including a substrate, a first material including less than about 90% of an amino group or epoxy group, between about 0.05% and about 50% siloxane, between about 5% and about 80% nanoparticles, microparticles, or macroparticles, and between about 0.1% and about 5% of a first functionalized graphitic material, a second material including less than about 90% of a silyl group, between about 0.05% and about 50% siloxane, between about 5% and about 80% nanoparticles, microparticles, or macroparticles, and between about 0.1% and about 5% of a second functionalized graphitic material, and a third material including less than about 90% of an amino group or epoxy group and a silyl group, between about 0.05% and about 50% siloxane, between about 5% and about 80% nanoparticles, microparticles, or macroparticles, and between about 0.1% and about 5% of a third functionalized graphitic material.

The modified graphene includes a structure represented by the following formula (I), wherein the modified graphene has a ratio (g/d) of an intensity g of a G band to an intensity d of a D band of 1.0 or more in a Raman spectroscopy spectrum thereof:

Gr1-Ar1-X1-(Y1).sub.n1(I)

in the formula (I), Gr1 represents a single-layer graphene or a multilayer graphene, Ar1 represents an arylene group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, X1 represents a single bond, a linear, branched, or cyclic alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a group obtained by substituting at least one carbon atom in a linear, branched, or cyclic alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms with at least one structure selected from the group consisting of O, NH,

##STR00001##

CO, COO, CONH, and an arylene group.

A waveguide having a light-shielding film formed on a cut surface of an edge side of the planar waveguide, the light-shielding film having a thickness of 2 to 10 m and an optical density (OD) of 0.7 to 1.0 based on a light-shielding film thickness of 1.0 m, and a method for manufacturing the same.

A waveguide having a light-shielding film formed on a cut surface of an edge side of the planar waveguide, the light-shielding film having a thickness of 2 to 10 m and an optical density (OD) of 0.7 to 1.0 based on a light-shielding film thickness of 1.0 m, and a method for manufacturing the same.

The invention relates to an anticorrosive grafted graphene filler for an organic coating, consisting of the following materials by weight: 0.1-0.2 parts of triterpenoid saponin, 2-3 parts of phytic acid hexaphosphate, 0.6-1 part of anticorrosive additive, 2-4 parts of dodecafluoroheptylpropyltrimethoxysilane, 10-15 parts of precursor, 110-120 parts of graphene oxide, 1-2 parts of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. The composite of the present invention exhibits better performance, can be applied to an organic coating material and has good corrosion resistance to the metal substrate. The composite material of the invention has good stability and superior comprehensive performance.