A process for preparing an anticorrosive coating includes providing a substrate, providing a sacrificial metal particle, chemically binding a graphitic material to a first molecule comprising a first group, a first spacer, and a second group, chemically binding said graphitic material to a second molecule comprising a third group, a second spacer, and a fourth group, wherein said third group is a different group from said first group, binding said sacrificial metal particle to either said first or said third group, binding either said first or said third group with said substrate, wherein said group bound to said substrate is different from said group bound to said sacrificial metal particle, chemically binding said second group and said fourth group to said graphitic material, growing thermoset resin side chains on said graphitic material, and growing siloxane side chains on said graphitic material.

A surface protection compound, in particular a compound for the non-flammable water-resistant non-hazardous biocidal surface protection of wood, or paper, or textile, or plastic, which contains an aqueous silicate solution which contains 93 to 98 wt % of an aqueous solution of potassium silicate, 1 to 6 wt % of aluminium hydroxide and, 0.5 to 1.5 wt % of stabiliser of the aqueous solution of potassium silicate.

A surface protection compound, in particular a compound for the non-flammable water-resistant non-hazardous biocidal surface protection of wood, or paper, or textile, or plastic, which contains an aqueous silicate solution which contains 93 to 98 wt % of an aqueous solution of potassium silicate, 1 to 6 wt % of aluminium hydroxide and, 0.5 to 1.5 wt % of stabiliser of the aqueous solution of potassium silicate.

Provided is a rubber composition that, when adopted in a tire member such as a tread, displays low heat generation, high abrasion resistance, and high cut resistance, and enables excellent fatigue cracking resistance to be realized. The rubber composition contains carbon black that satisfies relationship formulae (1) to (3), shown below.

62.5×24M4DBP+hydrogen amount of carbon black≦8337.5   (1)

24M4DBP−0.25×CTAB≧62.5   (2)

Dst+0.75×ΔD50≧152.5   (3)

Provided is a rubber composition that, when adopted in a tire member such as a tread, displays low heat generation, high abrasion resistance, and high cut resistance, and enables excellent fatigue cracking resistance to be realized. The rubber composition contains carbon black that satisfies relationship formulae (1) to (3), shown below.

62.5×24M4DBP+hydrogen amount of carbon black≦8337.5   (1)

24M4DBP−0.25×CTAB≧62.5   (2)

Dst+0.75×ΔD50≧152.5   (3)

The present disclosure provides, for example, systems and methods for generating carbon particles. Carbon particles may have a total content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of less than or equal to about 0.5 parts per million, a content of benzo[a]pyrene of less than or equal to about 5 parts per billion, and a water spreading pressure that is less than about 5 mJ/m.sup.2. A carbon particle among the carbon particles may comprise less than about 0.3% sulfur by weight or less than or equal to about 0.03% ash by weight.

The present disclosure provides, for example, systems and methods for generating carbon particles. Carbon particles may have a total content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of less than or equal to about 0.5 parts per million, a content of benzo[a]pyrene of less than or equal to about 5 parts per billion, and a water spreading pressure that is less than about 5 mJ/m.sup.2. A carbon particle among the carbon particles may comprise less than about 0.3% sulfur by weight or less than or equal to about 0.03% ash by weight.

A heavy duty pneumatic tire comprises an innerliner including a laminated first liner and second liner; a thickness of the first liner being 1.2 to 1.9 mm; a thickness of the second liner being 1.2 to 1.6 mm; a total thickness of the first and second liners being 2.4 to 3.4 mm; the first and second liners being made of rubber compositions 1 and 2; rubber composition 1 containing 5 to 50 parts by weight of a plate-like inorganic filler having a particle size of 4.9 to 7.5 μm and an aspect ratio of 3.0 to 7.0 per 100 parts by weight of a diene rubber containing 50 to 100 wt. % of butyl rubber; and rubber composition 2 containing 0.05 to 0.5 parts by weight of an organic metal salt as metal content per 100 parts by weight of a diene rubber containing at least 50 wt. % of natural rubber.

One or more techniques are disclosed for a method for functionalized a graphitic material comprising the steps of: 1) providing a graphitic material; 2) providing a first molecule comprising a first group, a spacer, and a second group; 3) providing a second molecule comprising a third group, a spacer, and a fourth group, wherein the third group is a different group from the first group; and 4) bonding the first molecule and the second molecule to the graphitic material. Also disclosed is a tunable material composition comprising the functionalized carbon nanotubes or functionalized graphene prepared by the methods described herein.

One or more techniques are disclosed for a method for functionalized a graphitic material comprising the steps of: 1) providing a graphitic material; 2) providing a first molecule comprising a first group, a spacer, and a second group; 3) providing a second molecule comprising a third group, a spacer, and a fourth group, wherein the third group is a different group from the first group; and 4) bonding the first molecule and the second molecule to the graphitic material. Also disclosed is a tunable material composition comprising the functionalized carbon nanotubes or functionalized graphene prepared by the methods described herein.