The present invention relates to a preparation method of a copper green rust pigment, particularly a preparation method of a copper green rust pigment that can replace the traditional Dancheong Hayeob pigment comprising the following steps: a step of preparing a copper powder comprising at least one of copper; and a copper alloy comprising copper and at least one of tin (Sn), zinc (Zn), and lead (Pb); and a step of corroding the copper powder by mixing the copper powder with a corrosive agent containing sodium chloride and ammonium chloride. The corrosive agent includes 75 to 90 weight % of the sodium chloride and 10 to 25 weight % of the ammonium chloride based on the total weight.

The invention relates to a surface-modified effect pigment comprising particular additives and to the production thereof. The present invention further provides a nail varnish composition comprising a) at least one effect pigiment that has been surface-modified with a starting material (additive), where the effect pigment comprises a substrate in platelet form and optionally at least one coating applied to the substrate, b) at least one hydrocarbon resin as binder, and c) at least one solvent or solvent mixture, where the starting material (additive) for surface modification of the effect pigment is at least one compound taken from the group consisting of phosphoric ester-containing, phosphonic ester-containing, phosphonic acid-containing, fatty acid-containing and/or silane-containing compounds or mixtures thereof.

A method for manufacturing metal powder comprising: providing a basic metal salt solution; contacting the basic metal salt solution with a reducing agent to precipitate metal powder therefrom; and recovering precipitated metal powder from the solvent.

There is disclosed a functional lamellar particle including an unconverted portion of the lamellar particle, wherein the unconverted portion includes a first metal, a converted portion of the lamellar particle disposed external to a surface of the unconverted portion, wherein the converted portion includes a chemical compound of the first metal; and a functional coating disposed external to a surface of the converted portion.

There is disclosed a lamellar particle including an unconverted portion of the lamellar particle, wherein the unconverted portion includes a first metal, a converted portion of the lamellar particle disposed radially outward of at least one of a surface of the unconverted portion, wherein the converted portion includes a chemical compound of the first metal.

This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus related to copper nanoparticle structures for reduction of carbon dioxide to multicarbon products. In one aspect, a method includes providing a plurality of copper nanoparticles. The plurality of copper nanoparticles are deposited on a support. The plurality of copper nanoparticles are transformed to a plurality of copper structures during an operation in which carbon dioxide is reduced. The plurality of copper nanoparticles on the support are used as a working electrode in an electrochemical cell during the operation.

A thin film structure including a reflector layer; and a hybrid layer including an organic colored material and at least one of an organic filler and an inorganic filler; wherein a concentration of the at least one of an organic filler or an inorganic filler is in a range of from about 3 wt. % to about 30 wt. %. A method of making a thin film structure is also disclosed.

A particle including a core particle; and a vapor deposited colorant including an organic colored material that encapsulates the core particle. The particle can be a special effect pigment or a thin film interference pigment. Methods of making the particle are also disclosed.

A set of spherical inorganic particles having the particular property of being spontaneously individualized, both in dry state in the form of a powder and when they are dispersed in a matrix. The method for producing the particles, and the materials produced by including the particles in the matrices are also described.

Methods, systems, and devices are disclosed for implementing lightning strike protective compositions. In one aspect, a composition for providing protection against electrical discharges (e.g., including lightning strikes) for composite structures includes a binder material capable of dispersing material structures therein and attaching to a surface of a substrate, and a plurality of pigment structures dispersed in the binder material. The pigment structures include a central layer including an electrically conducting material, and outer layers formed on the central layer, in which the outer layers include an optical absorber material or a dielectric material. The composition, when attached to the substrate, is capable of providing electrically conductive paths to transfer electrical current from a multi kiloamp electrical discharge within the composition.