A method of forming a metasurface includes forming a plurality of channels on a surface of a formed from a first material, like a metal, ceramic, or polymer. The method also includes filling the plurality of channels in the surface of the base substrate with a second material that is different from the first material to form a metasurface on the base substrate. The method further includes placing the metasurface into a heat exchange system such that the metasurface is proximate to a liquid used in the heat exchange system.

Provided is a coating technology additionally excellent in, for example, water repellency, oil repellency, and ease of dirt removal. An article having a coating on a substrate, in which the coating contains: (a) a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane; and (b) an acrylate polymer having a structural unit represented by the following general formula (II): where Ra represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, Rf represents —CH.sub.2—(CF.sub.2).sub.q—CF.sub.3 or —CH(CF.sub.3).sub.2, and q represents an integer of 0 to 8. ##STR00001##

A surface-treating composition including a fluorine-containing polymer which is able to form a layer having both high surface slip property and high friction durability. The surface-treating composition includes a first compound (a reactive fluorine-containing polymer which is a fluorine-containing silane polymer) and a second compound (a non-reactive fluorine-containing polymer which is a fluorine-containing oil), and the proportion of the first compound is 15 to 70% by mass with respect to the total mass of the first compound and the second compound.

The present invention relates to a PVC-based metallopolymer nanocomposite. The PVC-based metallopolymer nanocomposite includes a core-forming metal ion, a nucleophilic thiol having three mercapto functional groups, and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). The present invention also relates to a metallopolymer nanocomposite surface modified with silica that is prepared by grafting the PVC-based metallopolymer nanocomposite with a silane compound.

Disclosed is a flow meter comprising at least two measuring sensors spaced apart from each other, preferably ultrasonic sensors, whose measuring signals are reflected by a deposition-resistant reflector.

The present invention relates to adurable and multifunctional superhydrophobic coating composition and water based fabrication method of producing the durable and multifunctional superhydrophobic coating composition via chemical modification and functionalization of hydrophilic material by silanes under room temperature without any organic solvents. Synthesis of chemically modified cellulose nanofibers or clay in water forms excellent water repelling thin films upon coating over various substrates. The super hydrophobic materials are used as additive for paints, pigments, paper, varnish and, textile and used for various industrial applications such as construction of buildings and other super structures.

Provided is a super water-repellent layer structure. The super water-repellent layer structure comprises a substrate having a ratchet structure formed on the upper surface thereof and a super water-repellent nanowire structure formed on the ratchet structure, wherein water drops can move in one direction without an external force. A super water-repellent layer structure can be provided which enables water drops to move in one direction using the ratchet structure and the super water-repellent nanowire structure even without force applied from the outside in a state in which the surface thereof is hardly inclined. Thus, such a super water-repellent layer structure can be applied to various industries such as water harvesting, drainage of condensation water of a heat exchanger, etc., a microfluidic industry.

A method comprises: dispersing a nanoparticle sol, ammonia water and a waterborne hydrophobic treatment agent in deionized water to prepare a modified nanoparticle suspension, and obtaining a superhydrophobic modified nanoparticle powder by means of a spray drying process; and adding a porous ceramic micro-powder and a waterborne silane coupling agent into deionized water, then adding the superhydrophobic modified nanoparticle powder, performing constant stirring to prepare a superhydrophobic particle impregnating porous particle suspension, and obtaining the impregnated porous powder with superhydrophobic particles by means of a filter drying process or the spray drying process.

Articles including repellent surfaces and methods of making and using these articles are disclosed. The repellant surface can comprise a polymer having a roughened surface and a fluorinated silane and a lubricating liquid deposited on the roughened surface. The repellent surface, and by extension the articles described herein, can exhibit superomniphobic properties. The methods for producing the repellant surface can comprise dissolving a polymer in a solvent to produce a polymer solution and optionally adding a non-solvent to the polymer solution to produce a casting mixture. The polymer solution or casting mixture can be deposited on a surface of a substrate and the solvent and/or the non-solvent evaporated to provide a coated-substrate having a roughened surface. A functional layer comprising a fluorinated silane followed by a lubricating liquid can be deposited on the roughened surface to form the repellant surface.

This invention provides durable, low-ice-adhesion coatings with excellent performance in terms of ice-adhesion reduction. Some variations provide a low-ice-adhesion coating comprising a microstructure with a first-material phase and a second-material phase that are microphase-separated on an average length scale of phase inhomogeneity from 1 micron to 100 microns. Some variations provide a low-ice-adhesion material comprising a continuous matrix containing a first component; and a plurality of discrete inclusions containing a second component, wherein the inclusions are dispersed within the matrix to form a phase-separated microstructure that is inhomogeneous on an average length scale from 1 micron to 100 microns, wherein one of the first component or the second component is a low-surface-energy polymer, and the other is a hygroscopic material. The coatings are characterized by an AMIL Centrifuge Ice Adhesion Reduction Factor up to 100 or more. These coatings are useful for aerospace surfaces and other applications.