The present disclosure provides methods of coating a substrate. A method includes depositing a conductive coating including an electrically conductive material over the substrate to form a conductive layer having a sheet resistivity of about 10 Ω/□ to about 1000 Ω/□. The method includes depositing an anti-icing layer comprising nanomaterials over the conductive layer to form a coating system.

Disclosed herein are methods specifically tailored for facilitating the mitigation of cosmetic impressions associated with fingerprint impressions on surface(s) of articles of manufacture made from anodized substrates. To this end, such methods provide for removal of fingerprints by enzymatically functionalizing the surface(s) of the article of manufacture (e.g., a cosmetic coating thereof) to generate an enzymatically active surface and activating such enzymatically functionalized surface(s) to promote such fingerprint removal. Thus methods and articles of manufacture made in accordance with such methods provide improved end-use utility and functionality of many products for consumer electronic applications, automotive applications, building materials applications, and the like.

A liquid-repellent structure includes a surface to which liquid repellency is to be imparted; a foundation layer having a surface and disposed to face the surface to which liquid repellency is to be imparted; and a liquid-repellent layer disposed to face the surface of the foundation layer, wherein the foundation layer contains an acid-modified polyolefin, the liquid-repellent layer contains a fluorine-containing resin and particles, and the fluorine-containing resin contains a hydrophilic structural unit having at least one of an amino group and an amide group. A packaging material has the liquid-repellent structure disposed to face a product. The packaging material can also be applied to a product that is a selected one of hand soap, body soap, shampoo, rinse, creams, and cosmetics and that contains a surfactant.

The present invention is directed to a coated substrate including a substrate that is part of an aerospace, a wind turbine, or a marine structure; and an exterior coating on the substrate, the exterior coating including an icephobic or a low ice adhesion composition including an indicator that is an additive that is detectable or measurable as the exterior coating wears; wherein the indicator provides indicia of wear of the exterior coating; and a method of inspecting the exterior coating on the substrate.

Composite anti-fouling coatings and associated systems and methods are generally described. In some aspects, a system comprises a substrate, a composite coating disposed on at least a portion of the substrate, and a fluid comprising one or more foulants, where the composite coating is configured to be in physical contact with the fluid during use. The composite coating may comprise a first region comprising a first material and a second region comprising a second material that is different from the first material. According to some embodiments, a full- spectral Hamaker constant associated with the composite coating and the fluid (i.e., based on average optical properties of the first and second materials of the composite coating) is relatively low, and the van der Waals (vdW) force between the composite coating and the one or more foulants is, therefore, correspondingly low. Under some conditions (e.g., high temperature and/or high pressure conditions), intermolecular interactions between the composite coating and the one or more foulants may be dominated by the vdW force, and a relatively low vdW force may reduce the likelihood of the one or more foulants adhering to and/or otherwise being deposited on the composite coating. By selecting materials for the composite coating that result in a relatively low full- spectral Hamaker constant, fouling of the composite coating may thus be reduced or even eliminated. In some cases, two or more materials with optical properties (e.g., refractive indices, frequency-dependent dielectric response values) that, when averaged, are substantially similar to those of the fluid across a spectrum of frequencies or wavelengths may advantageously be associated with a relatively low full- spectral Hamaker constant.

Disclosed herein are methods specifically tailored for facilitating the mitigation of cosmetic impressions associated with fingerprint impressions on surface(s) of articles of manufacture made from anodized substrates. To this end, such methods provide for removal of fingerprints by enzymatically functionalizing the surface(s) of the article of manufacture (e.g., a cosmetic coating thereof) to generate an enzymatically active surface and activating such enzymatically functionalized surface(s) to promote such fingerprint removal. Thus methods and articles of manufacture made in accordance with such methods provide improved end-use utility and functionality of many products for consumer electronic applications, automotive applications, building materials applications, and the like.

The environmental-friendly antifouling agent includes a furan oxime and/or furan oxime metal complex, which has not only good antifouling performance, low toxicity and high efficiency and environmental friendliness. The ecological toxicity of the non-target organism is less than 15% of that of metals such as copper and chromium and organic matters such as benzoxazole, and the excellent barrier property of the furan ring structure itself on small molecules such as oxygen and water vapor can also significantly improve the barrier effect of a coating on a typical corrosive factor. The antifouling agent combined with an antifouling coating system can greatly improve the corrosion resistance of the coating system. Meanwhile, such the antifouling agent is easy to synthesize, can be well compatible with self-polishing resins, corrosion type resins and the like.

Provided is an antifouling composition including a tetrafunctional silane-based compound (A) having a specified structure, a trifunctional silane-based compound having a specified structure, and at least one metal catalyst (C) selected from the group consisting of a titanium-based catalyst, an aluminum-based catalyst, a tin-based catalyst, and a zinc-based catalyst, the antifouling composition satisfying the following relational expression (1).

1.5≦y≦2x+1  Expression (1):

In the expression, x indicates the carbon number of an alkyl group that is selected for R.sup.2 in the formula (b) representing the silane-based compound (B) and indicates a number of 4 to 22; and y indicates a blending amount ratio (A)/(B) in a molar ratio of the silane-based compound (A) to the silane-based compound (B).

Methods of protecting a propeller include applying an inner polymer layer onto a propeller. The inner polymer layer is impregnated with a biologically active chemical substance that inhibits biofouling-induced chemical, biological, and bio-proliferative damage and that does not chemically or galvanically interact with a material of the propeller. An outer polymer layer is applied onto the inner polymer layer, the outer polymer layer being impregnated with a biologically active chemical substance that inhibits biofouling-induced chemical, biological, and bio-proliferative damage and that repels biofouling organisms to prevent invasion of the inner polymer layer.

An article having antifouling properties and intended to be employed in aquatic uses, in particular marine uses. In particular there is provided an article having antifouling properties and intended to be employed in aquatic uses which comprises: a) a support, b) optionally, at least one primer coat on said support comprising at least one anticorrosive product, c) optionally, at least one intermediate primer coat promoting adhesion between the coats, d) at least one adhesion-promoting coat or tie coat, deposited on said primer coat or on said support when the primer coat is absent, and e) at least one antifouling coat or topcoat, deposited on said adhesion-promoting coat or tie coat.