An electrophoretic medium including a mixture of charge control agents, for example quaternary amine salts of polyisobutylene combined with quaternary amine salts of unsaturated monomers. The described electrophoretic medium exhibits improved color saturation as compared to similar electrophoretic media having only one of the charge control agents.

An electrophoretic particle includes a base particle (particle), a first compound, a second compound, and a third compound bonded to the base particle. The first compound is a polymer having a dispersion portion derived from a first monomer, and a bonding portion derived from a second monomer, and is connected to the base particle at the bonding portion. The second compound includes a non-polar group and a second functional group and is connected to the base particle at the second functional group. The third compound includes a charging group and a second functional group and is connected to the base particle at the second functional group.

The invention relates to a method for grafting an organic film onto an electically conductive or semiconductive surface by electro-reduction of a solution, wherein the solution comprises one diazonium salt and one monomer bearing at least one chain polymerizable functional group. During the electrolyzing process, at least one protocols consisting of an electrical polarization of the surface by applying a variable potential over at least a range of values which are more cathodic that the reduction or peak potential of all diazonium salts in said solution is applied. The invention also relates to an electrically conducting or semiconducting surface obtained by implementing this method. The invention further relates to electrolytic compositions.

The present invention concerns a method for increasing the adhesion between a chromium surface and a lacquer wherein said chromium surface is contacted with an aqueous solution comprising at least one phosphorous compound according to formulae R.sup.1P(O)(OR.sup.2R.sup.3) 1 and R.sup.1OP(O)(OR.sup.2R.sup.3) 2 wherein R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1 to C.sub.12 alkyl group, linear, branched or cyclic comprising at least one polar residue and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, lithium, sodium, potassium, ammonium and C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl while passing an external electrical current through said substrate and at least one anode wherein said substrate serves as the cathode.

Improved formulations of electrophoretic media that can be incorporated into displays, front plane laminates, inverted front plane laminates, or color changing films. The formulations include a non-polar fluid, a plurality of first charged particles, and charge control agents (CCA) including a quaternary amine and an unsaturated polymeric tail comprising monomers of at least 10 carbon atoms in length. The formulations show improved switching speeds, as well as a larger dynamic range at low temperatures (i.e., below about 0? C.), where compared to state-of-the-art electrophoretic media.

The present disclosure is directed to an electrodepositable coating composition comprising (a) an active hydrogen-containing, ionic salt group-containing film-forming polymer: (b) an at least partially blocked polyisocyanate curing agent: (c) a curing catalyst; and (d) an edge control additive: wherein the electrodepositable coating composition has a gel point of less than 150? C. as measured by the GEL POINT TEST METHOD, an edge coverage of greater than 20%, as measured by the EDGE COVERAGE TEST METHOD, and an Ra of no more than 0.45, as measured by the SURFACE ROUGHNESS TEST METHOD. Also disclosed are methods of coating substrates, coatings, and coated substrates.

The present disclosure is directed to an electrodepositable coating composition comprising (a) a hydroxyl-functional addition polymer comprising constitutional units, at least 70% of which comprise formula (I) wherein each R.sup.1 is independently one of hydrogen, an alkyl group, a substituted alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a substituted cycloalkyl group, an alkylcycloalkyl group, a substituted alkylcycloalkyl group, a cycloalkylalkyl group, a substituted cycloalkylalkyl group, an aryl group, a substituted aryl group, an alkylaryl group, a substituted alkylaryl group, a cycloalkylalkyl group, a substituted cycloalkylaryl group, an arylalkyl group, a substituted arylalkyl group, an arylcycloalkyl group, or a substituted arylcycloalkyl group, and the % based upon the total constitutional units of the hydroxyl-functional addition polymer; (b) an active hydrogen-containing, ionic salt group-containing film-forming polymer; (c) a curing agent; and (d) a curing catalyst.

The invention relates to a method for grafting an organic film onto an electically conductive or semiconductive surface by electro-reduction of a solution, wherein the solution comprises one diazonium salt and one monomer bearing at least one chain polymerizable functional group. During the electrolyzing process, at least one protocole consisting of an electrical polarization of the surface by applying a variable potential over at least a range of values which are more cathodic that the reduction or peak potential of all diazonium salts in said solution is applied. The invention also relates to an electrically conducting or semiconducting surface obtained by implementing this method.

The invention further relates to electrolytic compositions.

Provided a nano/micro composite fiber of the present invention, capable of storing electrical energy, comprising (a) one or more pairs of microfiber bundles consisting of graphene or graphene/carbon nanotube as an electrode active material; (b) nanofiber web surrounding the microfiber bundles, wherein the nanofiber web is coated by one or more materials selected from the group consisting of metal, carbon nanotube, activated carbon and metal oxide nanoparticle; (c) an electrolyte layer surrounding the nanofiber web and filling inner void of the microfibers and nanofiber web; (d) an insulating film sheathing the electrolyte layer.

An electric machine includes a rotor assembly having a rotor core that extends in an axial direction and a stator assembly surrounding and coaxial with the rotor assembly. The stator assembly includes a stator core having slots extending in a radial direction into an inner surface of the stator core and extending axially from a first end surface to a second end surface of the stator core. The stator assembly includes stator coil windings disposed within the respective slots of the stator core and a first electrically insulating conformal coating disposed between the stator core and the stator coil windings. The conformal coating includes a polymer matrix impregnated with an effective amount of thermally conductive ceramic materials, above a percolation threshold, that form continuous thermal pathways across a thickness of the first coating.