A method includes applying a coating composition to a substrate through a high transfer efficiency applicator wherein the coating composition has a pH of greater than about 7 and comprises: A. a resin dispersion comprising a latex, a polyurethane, or combinations thereof; B. an optional cross-linker; C. an optional pigment; D. water; E. a water-soluble solvent; and F. at least one rheology control agent chosen from an alkali swellable emulsion, a layered silicate, and combinations thereof; wherein the coating composition has a viscosity of about 20 to about 100 cps as determined using ASTM 7867-13 with cone-and-plate or parallel plates at a shear rate of 1000 sec-1, and wherein the coating composition has a wet film thickness of at least 20 microns measured at about 45 degrees without visible sag.

In one aspect the present disclosure relates to an aqueous inkjet ink composition comprising a yellow azo pigment, a pigment synergist, a polymeric dispersant, 5 to 20 wt % of a latex polymer, 5 to 40 wt % of an organic co-solvent that has a boiling point of a boiling point in the range of about 170° C. to about 285° C., and water. The pigment synergist comprises a pigment of the formula (I): ##STR00001##
where each of R.sub.1 to R.sub.10 is each independently selected from H, carboxylate, and/or a sulphonate group.

In one aspect the present disclosure relates to an aqueous inkjet ink composition comprising a yellow azo pigment, a pigment synergist, a polymeric dispersant, 5 to 20 wt % of a latex polymer, 5 to 40 wt % of an organic co-solvent that has a boiling point of a boiling point in the range of about 170° C. to about 285° C., and water. The pigment synergist comprises a pigment of the formula (I): ##STR00001##
where each of R.sub.1 to R.sub.10 is each independently selected from H, carboxylate, and/or a sulphonate group.

A resin emulsion to be used in a water-based ink, wherein the resin emulsion for a water-based ink is characterized by containing emulsion particles and a carboxylic acid polymer non-metal salt and by the emulsion particles containing a polymer comprising a monomer component including a nitrogen atom-containing monomer; and a resin emulsion for a water-based ink that can be used suitably in the water-based ink and a method for producing the same.

A resin emulsion to be used in a water-based ink, wherein the resin emulsion for a water-based ink is characterized by containing emulsion particles and a carboxylic acid polymer non-metal salt and by the emulsion particles containing a polymer comprising a monomer component including a nitrogen atom-containing monomer; and a resin emulsion for a water-based ink that can be used suitably in the water-based ink and a method for producing the same.

The present invention further improves the measurement accuracy of the viscosity of an ink composition. An ink composition for forming a functional layer of an organic photoelectric conversion element, wherein an electron spin concentration per 1 L of volume of the ink composition is 250×10.sup.16 or less. The ink composition may be an ink composition containing a solvent and a p-type semiconductor material. The ink composition may be an ink composition in which the p-type semiconductor material contains a polymer compound having an electron spin concentration per 1 g of weight of 70×10.sup.16 or less. The ink composition may be an ink composition in which the solvent contains one or more types of organic solvents and the p-type semiconductor material contains a π-conjugated polymer compound containing a donor constitutional unit and an acceptor constitutional unit.

Provided is a method of preparing a vinyl chloride-acrylic copolymer latex.

Specifically, in one embodiment of the present invention, provided is a method of preparing a latex including vinyl chloride-acrylic copolymer particles with a high degree of polymerization and high molecular weight by performing an emulsion polymerization of a vinyl chloride monomer and an acrylic monomer in the presence of an aqueous dispersion medium and an emulsifier while optimizing a feeding mode of the monomers and the emulsifier.

Provided is a method of preparing a vinyl chloride-acrylic copolymer latex.

Specifically, in one embodiment of the present invention, provided is a method of preparing a latex including vinyl chloride-acrylic copolymer particles with a high degree of polymerization and high molecular weight by performing an emulsion polymerization of a vinyl chloride monomer and an acrylic monomer in the presence of an aqueous dispersion medium and an emulsifier while optimizing a feeding mode of the monomers and the emulsifier.

Inkjet printing apparatus including: ink accommodating unit storing ink; ejection head configured to eject the ink to form print layer; and heating unit configured to heat print target, wherein the ink is clear ink including resin and water, dry film of the clear ink has glass transition temperature of 50° C. or more, the inkjet printing apparatus has first printing mode and second printing mode, and the heating unit is configured to heat the print target so that expression: T.sub.matte>T.sub.gloss is satisfied, where the T.sub.matte is temperature (° C.) of the print target in printing region printed in the first printing mode obtained when the clear ink is deposited on the print target, and the T.sub.gloss is temperature (° C.) of the print target in printing region printed in the second printing mode obtained when the clear ink is deposited on the print target.

Inkjet printing apparatus including: ink accommodating unit storing ink; ejection head configured to eject the ink to form print layer; and heating unit configured to heat print target, wherein the ink is clear ink including resin and water, dry film of the clear ink has glass transition temperature of 50° C. or more, the inkjet printing apparatus has first printing mode and second printing mode, and the heating unit is configured to heat the print target so that expression: T.sub.matte>T.sub.gloss is satisfied, where the T.sub.matte is temperature (° C.) of the print target in printing region printed in the first printing mode obtained when the clear ink is deposited on the print target, and the T.sub.gloss is temperature (° C.) of the print target in printing region printed in the second printing mode obtained when the clear ink is deposited on the print target.