A pretreatment liquid for an impermeable base material includes an anionic resin, and an aqueous medium, in which the anionic resin has a Clog P value of 1.40 or greater, and a content of a structural unit derived from an alkyl (meth)acrylate containing a chain alkyl group having 2 or more carbon atoms in the anionic resin is less than 5% by mass with respect to a total mass of the anionic resin.

Provided is an ink including water, and an organic solvent, wherein a dried product of the ink has an endothermic peak temperature Tm of 22° C. or higher but 74° C. or lower as measured by differential scanning calorimetry, the differential scanning calorimetry includes first heating, cooling, and second heating, where the first heating is heating the dried product of the ink from −60° C. to 140° C. at a heating rate of 10° C./min, the cooling, which is performed after the first heating, is cooling a heated product obtained in the first heating from 140° C. to −60° C. at a cooling rate of −10° C./min, and the second heating, which is performed after the cooling, is heating a cooled product obtained in the cooling from −60° C. to 140° C. at a heating rate of 10° C./min, and the endothermic peak temperature Tm is an endothermic peak temperature in the second heating.

Provided is an ink including water, and an organic solvent, wherein a dried product of the ink has an endothermic peak temperature Tm of 22° C. or higher but 74° C. or lower as measured by differential scanning calorimetry, the differential scanning calorimetry includes first heating, cooling, and second heating, where the first heating is heating the dried product of the ink from −60° C. to 140° C. at a heating rate of 10° C./min, the cooling, which is performed after the first heating, is cooling a heated product obtained in the first heating from 140° C. to −60° C. at a cooling rate of −10° C./min, and the second heating, which is performed after the cooling, is heating a cooled product obtained in the cooling from −60° C. to 140° C. at a heating rate of 10° C./min, and the endothermic peak temperature Tm is an endothermic peak temperature in the second heating.

A method of manufacturing a pattern includes providing a pattern of a first liquid on a medium, applying a powder material to the provided pattern, and providing a second liquid to the powder material applied to the first liquid.

A method of manufacturing a pattern includes providing a pattern of a first liquid on a medium, applying a powder material to the provided pattern, and providing a second liquid to the powder material applied to the first liquid.

A redundantly printed security-enhanced document, printing method and system ensure the meaning of the information imparted by variable indicia printed by redundant printing on the document with removable scratch-off coatings. By printing the variable indicia with multiple colors, redundancy and integrity of the intended indicia is achieved. Additionally, inverted color indicia countermeasures to pinprick attacks are also disclosed. The redundantly printed document, methods and systems enhance the overall appearance of the redundantly printed document, and reduce possible consequences resulting from misprinted variable indicia. The resultant printed process color indicia maintains a grayscale equivalent level of a process color greater than or equal to the measured grayscale equivalent level of the substrate surface plus an additional contrast delta of 15%.

A redundantly printed security-enhanced document, printing method and system ensure the meaning of the information imparted by variable indicia printed by redundant printing on the document with removable scratch-off coatings. By printing the variable indicia with multiple colors, redundancy and integrity of the intended indicia is achieved. Additionally, inverted color indicia countermeasures to pinprick attacks are also disclosed. The redundantly printed document, methods and systems enhance the overall appearance of the redundantly printed document, and reduce possible consequences resulting from misprinted variable indicia. The resultant printed process color indicia maintains a grayscale equivalent level of a process color greater than or equal to the measured grayscale equivalent level of the substrate surface plus an additional contrast delta of 15%.

An aqueous polyurethane resin having a cationic group in a side chain thereof is obtainable by reacting a polyester polyol, a polyisocyanate, and a diol containing a quaternary N-atom or amino group, the quaternary N-atom or amino group being not present in the carbon chain between the two hydroxyl groups of the diol. The polyester polyol is obtained by reacting an aromatic polycarboxylic acid and a polyol. The polyurethane resin is suitable as a resin in treatment liquids for inkjet printing.

An aqueous polyurethane resin having a cationic group in a side chain thereof is obtainable by reacting a polyester polyol, a polyisocyanate, and a diol containing a quaternary N-atom or amino group, the quaternary N-atom or amino group being not present in the carbon chain between the two hydroxyl groups of the diol. The polyester polyol is obtained by reacting an aromatic polycarboxylic acid and a polyol. The polyurethane resin is suitable as a resin in treatment liquids for inkjet printing.

A method of indirect digital printing is disclosed herein. The method employs (i) first (e.g. transparent) and second aqueous ink components (comprising colorant particles) and (ii) a target surface (e.g. hydrophobic) of an intermediate transfer member (ITM). A quantity of first ink component is deposited (e.g. by ink-jetting) onto the target surface and partially dried to produce a partially-dried layer thereon. Droplets of the second ink component are deposited onto the partially-dried layer of first ink component to form a wet, colored ink-image. Upon deposition of the droplets of the second ink component, the colorant particles from the second component penetrate into the partially-dried layer of the first ink component. The wet, colored image is dried into a tacky ink-image-bearing residue film which is transferred to the substrate. Physical and/or chemical properties of the first and second ink components as provided by various embodiments are disclosed herein.