A cellulose based anti-viral/anti-microbial coating.

A process is described for preparation of tunicate derived CNCs (T-CNCs) which exhibit a high aspect ratio, increased crystallinity and superior thermal properties compared to wood pulp derived CNCs (W-CNCs). The process enables scalable isolation of T-CNCs from tunicates, and a solution to the challenge invasive tunicates pose to aquaculture communities.

A composition comprising nanocellulose is disclosed, wherein the nanocellulose contains very low or essentially no sulfur content. The nanocellulose may be in the form of cellulose nanocrystals, cellulose nanofibrils, or both. The nanocellulose is characterized by a crystallinity of at least 80%, an onset of thermal decomposition of 300 F. or higher, and a low light transmittance over the range 400-700 nm. Other variations provide a composition comprising lignin-coated hydrophobic nanocellulose, wherein the nanocellulose contains very low or essentially no sulfur content. Some variations provide a composition comprising nanocellulose, wherein the nanocellulose contains about 0.1 wt % equivalent sulfur content, or less, as SO.sub.4 groups chemically or physically bound to the nanocellulose. In some embodiments, the nanocellulose contains essentially no hydrogen atoms (apart from hydrogen structurally contained in nanocellulose itself) bound to the nanocellulose. Various compositions, materials, and products may incorporate the nanocellulose compositions disclosed herein.

A composition comprising nanocellulose is disclosed, wherein the nanocellulose contains very low or essentially no sulfur content. The nanocellulose may be in the form of cellulose nanocrystals, cellulose nanofibrils, or both. The nanocellulose is characterized by a crystallinity of at least 80%, an onset of thermal decomposition of 300 F. or higher, and a low light transmittance over the range 400-700 nm. Other variations provide a composition comprising lignin-coated hydrophobic nanocellulose, wherein the nanocellulose contains very low or essentially no sulfur content. Some variations provide a composition comprising nanocellulose, wherein the nanocellulose contains about 0.1 wt % equivalent sulfur content, or less, as SO.sub.4 groups chemically or physically bound to the nanocellulose. In some embodiments, the nanocellulose contains essentially no hydrogen atoms (apart from hydrogen structurally contained in nanocellulose itself) bound to the nanocellulose. Various compositions, materials, and products may incorporate the nanocellulose compositions disclosed herein.

A carbon nanotube dispersion may have excellent dispersibility. Such a carbon nanotube dispersion may include at least carbon nanotubes, oxidized cellulose nanofibers, and water, wherein, of the oxidized cellulose nanofibers, 85% or more of the oxidized cellulose nanofibers have a fiber length of 50 nm to 250 nm.

A carbon nanotube dispersion may have excellent dispersibility. Such a carbon nanotube dispersion may include at least carbon nanotubes, oxidized cellulose nanofibers, and water, wherein, of the oxidized cellulose nanofibers, 85% or more of the oxidized cellulose nanofibers have a fiber length of 50 nm to 250 nm.