An aqueous composition can be used for pre-treating a substrate prior to inkjet printing to provide a white opaque background for inkjet-printed images. This aqueous composition includes: (a) one or more water-soluble salts of a multivalent metal cation at 5-30 weight %; (b) a nonionic or cationic water-soluble or water-dispersible polymeric binder material at 5-30 weight %; and (c) surface-treated visible light-scattering particles having a D.sub.50 (median) particle size of at least 0.04 μm and up to and including 2 μm in an amount of 5-60 weight % based on the total aqueous composition weight. The pre-treated substrate is useful as an inkjet receiving medium that can be readily inkjet-printed particularly with anionically-stabilized aqueous pigment-based inks.

An actuator includes a primary electrode, a secondary electrode overlapping at least a portion of the primary electrode, a nanovoided polymer layer disposed between and abutting the primary electrode and the secondary electrode, the nanovoided polymer layer having a plurality of nanovoids dispersed throughout a polymer matrix, and a sealing layer at least partially encapsulating the nanovoided polymer layer, where the nanovoids include a fill gas.

Provided is a water-soluble sheet-like coloring material in which sheets are less likely to stick to each other, have appropriate self-standing property and flexibility, and can be quickly brought into a uniform state when dissolved in water.

A water-soluble sheet-like coloring material including a film-forming water-soluble polymer; a dissolution accelerator; a colorant; and a moisture-retaining agent.

Provided is a water-soluble sheet-like coloring material in which sheets are less likely to stick to each other, have appropriate self-standing property and flexibility, and can be quickly brought into a uniform state when dissolved in water.

A water-soluble sheet-like coloring material including a film-forming water-soluble polymer; a dissolution accelerator; a colorant; and a moisture-retaining agent.

Provided is a water-soluble sheet-like coloring material in which sheets are less likely to stick to each other, have appropriate self-standing property and flexibility, and can be quickly brought into a uniform state when dissolved in water.

A water-soluble sheet-like coloring material including a film-forming water-soluble polymer; a dissolution accelerator; a colorant; and a moisture-retaining agent.

Provided are an aqueous resin dispersion of an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer exhibiting excellent dispersion stability, a production method for the aqueous resin dispersion, a hydrophilization agent including the aqueous resin dispersion, a hydrophilization method using the hydrophilization agent, a metal material on which a hydrophilic coating has been formed, and a heat exchanger on which a hydrophilic coating has been formed. Specifically provided are: an aqueous resin dispersion comprising an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (A) and a radical polymer (B) having a structural unit derived from a radical-polymerizable carboxylic acid monomer (B1-1), wherein the content of the radical polymer (B) is 10-80 mass % relative to the total content of the ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (A) and the radical polymer (B); a production method for the aqueous resin dispersion; a hydrophilization agent including the aqueous resin dispersion; a hydrophilization method using the hydrophilization agent; a metal material on which a hydrophilic coating has been formed; and a heat exchanger on which a hydrophilic coating has been formed.

Provided are an aqueous resin dispersion of an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer exhibiting excellent dispersion stability, a production method for the aqueous resin dispersion, a hydrophilization agent including the aqueous resin dispersion, a hydrophilization method using the hydrophilization agent, a metal material on which a hydrophilic coating has been formed, and a heat exchanger on which a hydrophilic coating has been formed. Specifically provided are: an aqueous resin dispersion comprising an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (A) and a radical polymer (B) having a structural unit derived from a radical-polymerizable carboxylic acid monomer (B1-1), wherein the content of the radical polymer (B) is 10-80 mass % relative to the total content of the ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (A) and the radical polymer (B); a production method for the aqueous resin dispersion; a hydrophilization agent including the aqueous resin dispersion; a hydrophilization method using the hydrophilization agent; a metal material on which a hydrophilic coating has been formed; and a heat exchanger on which a hydrophilic coating has been formed.

A description is given of a heat-sensitive recording material, comprising phenol-free organic color developers, more particularly comprising a color developer mixture comprising phenol-free organic color developers, of a heat-sensitive recording layer and also of a coating composition for producing it, of the use of the heat-sensitive recording material, of the use of an organic color developer of a formula I for improving the resistance of the printed image of a heat-sensitive recording material, and of a method for producing heat-sensitive recording material.

A description is given of a heat-sensitive recording material, comprising phenol-free organic color developers, more particularly comprising a color developer mixture comprising phenol-free organic color developers, of a heat-sensitive recording layer and also of a coating composition for producing it, of the use of the heat-sensitive recording material, of the use of an organic color developer of a formula I for improving the resistance of the printed image of a heat-sensitive recording material, and of a method for producing heat-sensitive recording material.

The present invention provides a coating liquid comprising a hydroxyl group-containing resin, an inorganic layered compound and a liquid medium, wherein an amount of sodium (Na) in the coating liquid is 2,500 ppm or less on a weight basis relative to a solids content of the coating liquid.