A method of forming a pattern, the method comprising applying a layer of a coating composition over a substrate; curing the applied coating composition to form a coated underlayer; and forming a photoresist layer over the coated underlayer, wherein the coating composition comprises a first material comprising two or more hydroxy groups; a second material comprising two or more glycidyl groups; an additive comprising a protected amino group; and a solvent.

A method of forming a pattern, the method comprising applying a layer of a coating composition over a substrate; curing the applied coating composition to form a coated underlayer; and forming a photoresist layer over the coated underlayer, wherein the coating composition comprises a first material comprising two or more hydroxy groups; a second material comprising two or more glycidyl groups; an additive comprising a protected amino group; and a solvent.

A water-responsive interpenetrating polymer network, a preparation method and use thereof are provided. The water-responsive interpenetrating polymer network comprises an interpenetrating polymer network formed by a cholesteric liquid crystal polymer and a polyionic liquid; wherein the cholesteric liquid crystal polymer is formed by polymerization of a liquid crystal mixture; and the polyionic liquid contains a hydrophilic group or is a hydrophilic salt. The interpenetrating polymer network is water responsive without needs of activation with an alkaline solution, which simplifies the preparation process, and has stable water responsiveness performance after prolonged and/or repeated exposure to water. The water-responsive interpenetrating polymer network can be used to prepare light reflective coatings and reflective devices, and has higher commercial value.

A water-responsive interpenetrating polymer network, a preparation method and use thereof are provided. The water-responsive interpenetrating polymer network comprises an interpenetrating polymer network formed by a cholesteric liquid crystal polymer and a polyionic liquid; wherein the cholesteric liquid crystal polymer is formed by polymerization of a liquid crystal mixture; and the polyionic liquid contains a hydrophilic group or is a hydrophilic salt. The interpenetrating polymer network is water responsive without needs of activation with an alkaline solution, which simplifies the preparation process, and has stable water responsiveness performance after prolonged and/or repeated exposure to water. The water-responsive interpenetrating polymer network can be used to prepare light reflective coatings and reflective devices, and has higher commercial value.

Disclosed is a resin including a structural unit represented by formula (I) and a structural unit represented by formula (a2-A), and a resist composition: ##STR00001## wherein R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; L.sup.1 and L.sup.2 each represent —O— or —S—; s1 represents an integer of 1 to 3; s2 represents an integer of 0 to 3; R.sup.a50 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or an alkyl group which may have a halogen atom; R.sup.a51 represents a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkylcarbonyl group or the like; A.sup.a50 represents a single bond or *—X.sup.a51-(A.sup.a52-X.sup.a52).sub.nb—; A.sup.a52 represents an alkanediyl group; X.sup.a51 and X.sup.a52 each represent —O—, —CO—O— or —O—CO—; nb represents 0 or 1; and mb represents an integer of 0 to 4.

Urea (multi)-(meth)acrylate (multi)-silane precursor compounds, synthesized by reaction of (meth)acrylated materials having isocyanate functionality with aminosilane compounds, either neat or in a solvent, and optionally with a catalyst, such as a tin compound, to accelerate the reaction. Also described are articles including a substrate, a base (co)polymer layer on a major surface of the substrate, an oxide layer on the base (co)polymer layer; and a protective (co)polymer layer on the oxide layer, the protective (co)polymer layer including the reaction product of at least one urea (multi)-(meth)acrylate (multi)-silane precursor compound synthesized by reaction of (meth)acrylated materials having isocyanate functionality with aminosilane compounds. The substrate may be a (co)polymer film or an electronic device such as an organic light emitting device, electrophoretic light emitting device, liquid crystal display, thin film transistor, or combination thereof. Methods of making the urea (multi)-(meth)acrylate (multi)-silanes and their use in composite films and electronic devices are described.

Urea (multi)-(meth)acrylate (multi)-silane precursor compounds, synthesized by reaction of (meth)acrylated materials having isocyanate functionality with aminosilane compounds, either neat or in a solvent, and optionally with a catalyst, such as a tin compound, to accelerate the reaction. Also described are articles including a substrate, a base (co)polymer layer on a major surface of the substrate, an oxide layer on the base (co)polymer layer; and a protective (co)polymer layer on the oxide layer, the protective (co)polymer layer including the reaction product of at least one urea (multi)-(meth)acrylate (multi)-silane precursor compound synthesized by reaction of (meth)acrylated materials having isocyanate functionality with aminosilane compounds. The substrate may be a (co)polymer film or an electronic device such as an organic light emitting device, electrophoretic light emitting device, liquid crystal display, thin film transistor, or combination thereof. Methods of making the urea (multi)-(meth)acrylate (multi)-silanes and their use in composite films and electronic devices are described.

Urea (multi)-(meth)acrylate (multi)-silane precursor compounds, synthesized by reaction of (meth)acrylated materials having isocyanate functionality with aminosilane compounds, either neat or in a solvent, and optionally with a catalyst, such as a tin compound, to accelerate the reaction. Also described are articles including a substrate, a base (co)polymer layer on a major surface of the substrate, an oxide layer on the base (co)polymer layer; and a protective (co)polymer layer on the oxide layer, the protective (co)polymer layer including the reaction product of at least one urea (multi)-(meth)acrylate (multi)-silane precursor compound synthesized by reaction of (meth)acrylated materials having isocyanate functionality with aminosilane compounds. The substrate may be a (co)polymer film or an electronic device such as an organic light emitting device, electrophoretic light emitting device, liquid crystal display, thin film transistor, or combination thereof. Methods of making the urea (multi)-(meth)acrylate (multi)-silanes and their use in composite films and electronic devices are described.

A non-fluorinated copolymer composition containing (1) a fluorine-free copolymer and (2) acetylene alcohol. The non-fluorinated copolymer (1) has a repeating unit formed from (a) an acrylic monomer having a long-chain hydrocarbon group having 7 to 40 carbon atoms; and a repeating unit formed from (c) an acrylic monomer having an olefinic carbon-carbon double bond and an ion donating group. Also disclosed is an oil-resistant agent containing a fluorine-free composition including (1) a fluorine-free copolymer, and (2) an acetylene alcohol, wherein the fluorine-free copolymer (1) has a repeating unit formed from (a) an acrylic monomer having a long-chain hydrocarbon group having 7 to 40 carbon atoms; an oil-resistant agent kit; a method for producing the fluorine-free copolymer; an oil-resistant paper; and a method for eliminating foam during treatment of paper with the fluorine-free copolymer composition.

A non-fluorinated copolymer composition containing (1) a fluorine-free copolymer and (2) acetylene alcohol. The non-fluorinated copolymer (1) has a repeating unit formed from (a) an acrylic monomer having a long-chain hydrocarbon group having 7 to 40 carbon atoms; and a repeating unit formed from (c) an acrylic monomer having an olefinic carbon-carbon double bond and an ion donating group. Also disclosed is an oil-resistant agent containing a fluorine-free composition including (1) a fluorine-free copolymer, and (2) an acetylene alcohol, wherein the fluorine-free copolymer (1) has a repeating unit formed from (a) an acrylic monomer having a long-chain hydrocarbon group having 7 to 40 carbon atoms; an oil-resistant agent kit; a method for producing the fluorine-free copolymer; an oil-resistant paper; and a method for eliminating foam during treatment of paper with the fluorine-free copolymer composition.