Zwitterionic copolymers, coating compositions (e.g., aqueous coating compositions and articles containing such copolymers, and methods of coating such coating compositions; wherein the copolymer includes: (a) first monomeric units derived from monomers of Formula (I) CH.sub.2═CR.sup.1—(CO)—X—R.sup.2—[-Q-R.sup.3—].sub.n—Y (I) or salts thereof, wherein: R.sup.1 is hydrogen or methyl; X is oxy or —NH—; R.sup.2 is an alkylene optionally including catenary oxygen; R.sup.3 is an alkylene; Q is —(CO)O—, —NR.sup.4—(CO)—NR.sup.4—, or —(CO)—NR.sup.4—; R.sup.4 is hydrogen or alkyl; n is equal to 0 or 1; and Y is phosphonic acid, phosphonate, phosphoric acid, or phosphate; and (b) second monomeric units derived from monomers of Formula (II) CH.sub.2═CR.sup.1—(CO)—X—R.sup.2—[-Q-R.sup.3—].sub.n—[NR.sup.5R.sup.6]+—R.sup.7—Z— (II) wherein: R.sup.1 is hydrogen or methyl; X is oxy or —NH—; R.sup.2 is alkylene optionally including catenary oxygen; R.sup.3 is alkylene; Q is —(CO)O—, —NR.sup.4—(CO)—NR.sup.4—, or —(CO)—NR4-; R.sup.4 is hydrogen or alkyl; n is equal to 0 or 1; R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are each independently an alkyl, aryl, or a combination thereof, or R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 both combine with the nitrogen to which they are both attached to form a heterocyclic ring having 3 to 7 ring members; R.sup.7 is alkylene; and Z″ is carboxylate or sulfonate.
CH.sub.2═CR.sup.1—(CO)—X—R.sup.2—[-Q-R.sup.3-].sub.n—Y  (I)
CH.sub.2═CR.sup.1—(CO)—X—R.sup.2—[-Q-R.sup.3—].sub.n—[NR.sup.5R.sup.6].sup.+—R.sup.7—Z.sup.−  (II)

Zwitterionic copolymers, coating compositions (e.g., aqueous coating compositions and articles containing such copolymers, and methods of coating such coating compositions; wherein the copolymer includes: (a) first monomeric units derived from monomers of Formula (I) CH.sub.2═CR.sup.1—(CO)—X—R.sup.2—[-Q-R.sup.3—].sub.n—Y (I) or salts thereof, wherein: R.sup.1 is hydrogen or methyl; X is oxy or —NH—; R.sup.2 is an alkylene optionally including catenary oxygen; R.sup.3 is an alkylene; Q is —(CO)O—, —NR.sup.4—(CO)—NR.sup.4—, or —(CO)—NR.sup.4—; R.sup.4 is hydrogen or alkyl; n is equal to 0 or 1; and Y is phosphonic acid, phosphonate, phosphoric acid, or phosphate; and (b) second monomeric units derived from monomers of Formula (II) CH.sub.2═CR.sup.1—(CO)—X—R.sup.2—[-Q-R.sup.3—].sub.n—[NR.sup.5R.sup.6]+—R.sup.7—Z— (II) wherein: R.sup.1 is hydrogen or methyl; X is oxy or —NH—; R.sup.2 is alkylene optionally including catenary oxygen; R.sup.3 is alkylene; Q is —(CO)O—, —NR.sup.4—(CO)—NR.sup.4—, or —(CO)—NR4-; R.sup.4 is hydrogen or alkyl; n is equal to 0 or 1; R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are each independently an alkyl, aryl, or a combination thereof, or R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 both combine with the nitrogen to which they are both attached to form a heterocyclic ring having 3 to 7 ring members; R.sup.7 is alkylene; and Z″ is carboxylate or sulfonate.
CH.sub.2═CR.sup.1—(CO)—X—R.sup.2—[-Q-R.sup.3-].sub.n—Y  (I)
CH.sub.2═CR.sup.1—(CO)—X—R.sup.2—[-Q-R.sup.3—].sub.n—[NR.sup.5R.sup.6].sup.+—R.sup.7—Z.sup.−  (II)

A resist composition comprising a base polymer and an acid generator containing a sulfonium or iodonium salt of iodized benzamide group-containing fluorinated sulfonic acid offers a high sensitivity, minimal LWR and improved CDU independent of whether it is of positive or negative tone.

Polyacrylamide (PAM)-coated nanosand that may be a relative permeability modifier (RPM) and that is applied to treat a wellbore in a subterranean formation. The treatment may be for excess water production. The PAM-coated nanosand is PAM-hydrogel-coated nanosand. The PAM-coated nanosand os nanosand coated with PAM hydrogel. The PAM hydrogel includes crosslinked PAM in water. Application of the PAM-coated nanosand may reduce water production from the subterranean formation into the wellbore. The PAM hydrogel of the PAM-coated nanosand may expand in a water zone of the subterranean formation to restrict water flow into the wellbore. The PAM hydrogel of the PAM-coated nanosand may contract in an oil zone of the subterranean formation so not to significantly restrict crude oil flow into the wellbore.

Polyacrylamide (PAM)-coated nanosand that may be a relative permeability modifier (RPM) and that is applied to treat a wellbore in a subterranean formation. The treatment may be for excess water production. The PAM-coated nanosand is PAM-hydrogel-coated nanosand. The PAM-coated nanosand os nanosand coated with PAM hydrogel. The PAM hydrogel includes crosslinked PAM in water. Application of the PAM-coated nanosand may reduce water production from the subterranean formation into the wellbore. The PAM hydrogel of the PAM-coated nanosand may expand in a water zone of the subterranean formation to restrict water flow into the wellbore. The PAM hydrogel of the PAM-coated nanosand may contract in an oil zone of the subterranean formation so not to significantly restrict crude oil flow into the wellbore.

The invention is related to a cost-effective method for making a silicone hydrogel contact lens having a crosslinked hydrophilic coating thereon. A method of the invention involves heating a silicone hydrogel contact lens in an aqueous solution in the presence of a watersoluble, highly branched, thermally-crosslinkable hydrophilic polymeric material having positively-charged azetidinium groups, to and at a temperature from about 40° C. to about 140° C. for a period of time sufficient to covalently attach the thermally-crosslinkable hydrophilic polymeric material onto the surface of the silicone hydrogel contact lens through covalent linkages each formed between one azetidinium group and one of the reactive functional groups on and/or near the surface of the silicone hydrogel contact lens, thereby forming a crosslinked hydrophilic coating on the silicone hydrogel contact lens. Such method can be advantageously implemented directly in a sealed lens package during autoclave.

The invention is related to a cost-effective method for making a silicone hydrogel contact lens having a crosslinked hydrophilic coating thereon. A method of the invention involves heating a silicone hydrogel contact lens in an aqueous solution in the presence of a watersoluble, highly branched, thermally-crosslinkable hydrophilic polymeric material having positively-charged azetidinium groups, to and at a temperature from about 40° C. to about 140° C. for a period of time sufficient to covalently attach the thermally-crosslinkable hydrophilic polymeric material onto the surface of the silicone hydrogel contact lens through covalent linkages each formed between one azetidinium group and one of the reactive functional groups on and/or near the surface of the silicone hydrogel contact lens, thereby forming a crosslinked hydrophilic coating on the silicone hydrogel contact lens. Such method can be advantageously implemented directly in a sealed lens package during autoclave.

Polymers including single-stage and multi-stage polymers that combine the properties of the structural integrity of a polymer with a high glass transition temperature (Tg) with a softer, lower molecular weight polymer that coalesces quickly and is flexible to maintain scrubbability are disclosed. The single-stage or an outer stage of the multi-stage polymer contains both a cross-linking monomer and a chain transfer agent at different portions of the stage. Architectural compositions containing these film-forming polymers exhibit anti-blocking properties within one hour from being applied to a substrate.

Durable, anti-fouling, crosslinked zwitterionic coatings that are grafted to the surface of a substrate through covalent bonding are disclosed. When exposed to a light source, zwitterionic monomers react with a crosslinker and with activated radicals at the surface of the substrate, simultaneously forming the crosslinked zwitterionic coating and anchoring it to the surface of the substrate. Photomasking techniques can be used to micropattern the zwitterionic coatings. The zwitterionic coatings can be applied to a variety of substrates, including medical devices and systems.

Durable, anti-fouling, crosslinked zwitterionic coatings that are grafted to the surface of a substrate through covalent bonding are disclosed. When exposed to a light source, zwitterionic monomers react with a crosslinker and with activated radicals at the surface of the substrate, simultaneously forming the crosslinked zwitterionic coating and anchoring it to the surface of the substrate. Photomasking techniques can be used to micropattern the zwitterionic coatings. The zwitterionic coatings can be applied to a variety of substrates, including medical devices and systems.