The invention provides monolayer films excellent in hydrophilicity and transparency which include a crosslinked resin having a surface enriched with hydrophilic groups, and materials which exhibit excellent properties such as hydrophilicity, antifogging properties and antifouling properties by virtue of having the above monolayer films. A monolayer film is fabricated which includes a crosslinked resin obtained by polymerizing a composition including a compound (I) having an anionic hydrophilic group and a functional group with a polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond, and a compound (II) having three or more hydroxyl groups and three or more functional groups with a polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond, the monolayer film having a gradient (Sa/Da) of not less than 1.1 wherein Sa is the surface concentration of the anionic hydrophilic groups in the monolayer film, and Da is the deep concentration of the hydrophilic groups at of the thickness of the monolayer film.

A composition includes a near infrared absorbing pigment, a compound represented by Formula (1), a primary to tertiary amine compound having a molecular weight of 500 or less and a boiling point of 300 C. or lower, a resin, and a solvent. The compound represented by Formula (1) has a solubility in propylene glycol methyl ether acetate at 25 C. of 0.1 g/L or higher. A content of the amine compound in a total solid content of the composition is 10-5000 mass ppm. In Formula (1), P.sup.1 represents a colorant structure, L.sup.1 represents a single bond or a linking group, X.sup.1 represents an acid group, a basic group, a group having a salt structure, or a phthalimide methyl group, m is 1 or more, and n is 1 or more.
P.sup.1L.sup.1-(X.sup.1).sub.n).sub.m(1)

A composition includes a near infrared absorbing pigment, a compound represented by Formula (1), a primary to tertiary amine compound having a molecular weight of 500 or less and a boiling point of 300 C. or lower, a resin, and a solvent. The compound represented by Formula (1) has a solubility in propylene glycol methyl ether acetate at 25 C. of 0.1 g/L or higher. A content of the amine compound in a total solid content of the composition is 10-5000 mass ppm. In Formula (1), P.sup.1 represents a colorant structure, L.sup.1 represents a single bond or a linking group, X.sup.1 represents an acid group, a basic group, a group having a salt structure, or a phthalimide methyl group, m is 1 or more, and n is 1 or more.
P.sup.1L.sup.1-(X.sup.1).sub.n).sub.m(1)

An outdoor marking product comprising a chlorophyll-based agent for highlighting living greenery. The chlorophyll-based agent can be non-detrimental to the health of the living greenery. When viewed by a viewer at a minimum predefined viewing distance, the living greenery treated with the chlorophyll-based agent can be visibly distinguishable from and shinier than neighboring untreated living greenery. When the viewer is nearer than the minimum predefined viewing distance, the difference in shine and color between the treated living greenery and the untreated living greenery can be substantially unnoticeable.

An outdoor marking product comprising a chlorophyll-based agent for highlighting living greenery. The chlorophyll-based agent can be non-detrimental to the health of the living greenery. When viewed by a viewer at a minimum predefined viewing distance, the living greenery treated with the chlorophyll-based agent can be visibly distinguishable from and shinier than neighboring untreated living greenery. When the viewer is nearer than the minimum predefined viewing distance, the difference in shine and color between the treated living greenery and the untreated living greenery can be substantially unnoticeable.

An improved advertising system can include a location having a substantially large expanse of living greenery, a predetermined design for an advertisement, and a chlorophyll-based agent. The location can be observable by viewers at a predefined minimum viewing distance. The chlorophyll-based agent can be used to paint the predetermined design on the living greenery. The chlorophyll-based agent can be non-detrimental to the health of the living greenery. The predetermined design painted on the living greenery with the chlorophyll-based agent can be only viewable by viewers at the predefined minimum viewing distance. Living greenery treated with the chlorophyll-based agent can be visibly distinguishable from and shinier than neighboring untreated living greenery. When a viewer is nearer than the minimum predefined viewing distance, a difference in shine and color between the treated living greenery and the untreated living greenery can be substantially unnoticeable.

The invention provides monolayer films excellent in hydrophilicity and transparency which include a crosslinked resin having a surface enriched with hydrophilic groups, and materials which exhibit excellent properties such as hydrophilicity, antifogging properties and antifouling properties by virtue of having the above monolayer films. A monolayer film is fabricated which includes a crosslinked resin obtained by polymerizing a composition including a compound (I) having an anionic hydrophilic group and a functional group with a polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond, and a compound (II) having three or more hydroxyl groups and three or more functional groups with a polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond, the monolayer film having a gradient (Sa/Da) of not less than 1.1 wherein Sa is the surface concentration of the anionic hydrophilic groups in the monolayer film, and Da is the deep concentration of the hydrophilic groups at of the thickness of the monolayer film.