An aqueous dispersion comprising: water; a hydrophobic aromatic polyester having a number average molecular weight of greater than 7,000 Daltons; and a water-dispersible aromatic polyester dispersant; wherein the hydrophobic aromatic polyester and the water-dispersible aromatic polyester dispersant form a stable aqueous dispersion; and wherein the hydrophobic aromatic polyester is present in the aqueous dispersion in an amount of less than 50 wt-%, based on the total weight of the hydrophobic aromatic polyester and the water-dispersible aromatic polyester dispersant.

An aqueous dispersion comprising: water; a hydrophobic aromatic polyester having a number average molecular weight of greater than 7,000 Daltons; and a water-dispersible aromatic polyester dispersant; wherein the hydrophobic aromatic polyester and the water-dispersible aromatic polyester dispersant form a stable aqueous dispersion; and wherein the hydrophobic aromatic polyester is present in the aqueous dispersion in an amount of less than 50 wt-%, based on the total weight of the hydrophobic aromatic polyester and the water-dispersible aromatic polyester dispersant.

Provided are a substrate with a functional fine line having excellent optical properties and excellent adhesion of the functional fine line, and a method for forming the functional fine line. The substrate with a functional fine line according to the present invention has an undercoat layer including a hydrophobically modified polyester resin on the substrate, and has a functional fine line including a deposit of functional microparticles and having a line width of 1 μm or more and 10 μm or less on the undercoat layer. The method for forming a functional fine line according to the present invention includes forming an undercoat layer including a hydrophobically modified polyester resin on a substrate, and then forming a functional fine line including a deposit of functional microparticles and having a line width of 1 μm or more and 10 μm or less on the undercoat layer.

Provided are a substrate with a functional fine line having excellent optical properties and excellent adhesion of the functional fine line, and a method for forming the functional fine line. The substrate with a functional fine line according to the present invention has an undercoat layer including a hydrophobically modified polyester resin on the substrate, and has a functional fine line including a deposit of functional microparticles and having a line width of 1 μm or more and 10 μm or less on the undercoat layer. The method for forming a functional fine line according to the present invention includes forming an undercoat layer including a hydrophobically modified polyester resin on a substrate, and then forming a functional fine line including a deposit of functional microparticles and having a line width of 1 μm or more and 10 μm or less on the undercoat layer.

A surface marker resin formulation is provided that includes a linear aromatic polyester or a co-polymer thereof. The resin is dissolved or dispersed in a solvent exclusive of naphtha. An inorganic particulate having an average maximal linear extent of between 10 and 130 microns present from 22 to 41 total weight percent. A process of marking a surface includes two articles being brought into a pre-selected alignment to define a surface. A continuous bead is applied to the surface. The solvent evaporates to a state of dry-to-touch in a time of between less than 60 seconds to mark the surface. The formulation is readily applied from a pen to achieve a controlled bead width. The drying of the formulation by solvent evaporation yields full hardness in 24 hours under standard temperature and pressure as measured at 0% humidity.

A surface marker resin formulation is provided that includes a linear aromatic polyester or a co-polymer thereof. The resin is dissolved or dispersed in a solvent exclusive of naphtha. An inorganic particulate having an average maximal linear extent of between 10 and 130 microns present from 22 to 41 total weight percent. A process of marking a surface includes two articles being brought into a pre-selected alignment to define a surface. A continuous bead is applied to the surface. The solvent evaporates to a state of dry-to-touch in a time of between less than 60 seconds to mark the surface. The formulation is readily applied from a pen to achieve a controlled bead width. The drying of the formulation by solvent evaporation yields full hardness in 24 hours under standard temperature and pressure as measured at 0% humidity.

Methods and systems for coating metal substrates are provided. The methods and systems include sequential application of low flow and high flow powder coatings followed by a single heating step to provide a cured coating. The methods and systems include a marker that allows coating uniformity to be monitored and assessed during application. The described methods provide coatings with optimal surface smoothness and edge coverage.

The invention relates to a polymer comprising certain specific units. The invention further relates to processes for making the polymer of the invention. The invention further relates to a binder and compositions comprising the polymer, preferably to compositions suitable for paints and coatings. The invention relates in particular to water-borne, solvent-borne and powder coating compositions and preferably to curable water-borne, curable solvent-borne and curable powder coating compositions. The invention further relates to cured compositions. The invention further relates to objects, in particular coatings prepared from the compositions of the invention. The invention further relates to processes for making the compositions of the invention. The invention further relates to articles having coated thereon the compositions of the invention. The invention further relates to articles having coated and cured thereon the compositions of the invention. The invention further relates to various uses of the polymer of the invention, the binder of the invention, the composition of the invention, the cured composition of the invention and various uses of articles having coated and optionally cured thereon the compositions of the invention.

The invention relates to a polymer comprising certain specific units. The invention further relates to processes for making the polymer of the invention. The invention further relates to a binder and compositions comprising the polymer, preferably to compositions suitable for paints and coatings. The invention relates in particular to water-borne, solvent-borne and powder coating compositions and preferably to curable water-borne, curable solvent-borne and curable powder coating compositions. The invention further relates to cured compositions. The invention further relates to objects, in particular coatings prepared from the compositions of the invention. The invention further relates to processes for making the compositions of the invention. The invention further relates to articles having coated thereon the compositions of the invention. The invention further relates to articles having coated and cured thereon the compositions of the invention. The invention further relates to various uses of the polymer of the invention, the binder of the invention, the composition of the invention, the cured composition of the invention and various uses of articles having coated and optionally cured thereon the compositions of the invention.

A developer comprises: at least one carrier; and, in an amount of 10 wt-% or less, a coating material (237), in particular for generating a coating layer by non-impact printing, the coating material being provided in the form of particles and comprising: a curable resin preferably an at least partially thermal curable resin and even more in particular curable by a crosslinking agent able to react with functional groups of the resin, the resin comprising in particular an amorphous resin portion; wherein an average diameter of the particles is in a range between 1 m and 25 m; and wherein the particles have an average sphericity larger than 0.7, in particular larger than 0.8, in particular a sphericity larger than 0.9; wherein, if the coating material is heated from room temperature with a heating rate of 5 K per minute, the coating material upon heating reduces its viscosity down to a minimum viscosity and increases its viscosity upon further increase of the temperature; wherein the minimum viscosity is in a range between 3 Pascal seconds and 20000 Pascal seconds.