A surface-treating agent including at least one fluoropolyether group-containing compound of the following formula (1) or (2) as defined herein and a chlorine ion, wherein a chlorine ion concentration in the surface-treating agent is 0.1 ppm by mass or more and 1.0 ppm by mass or less. Also disclosed is a pellet including the surface-treating agent and an article including a base material and a layer which is formed on a surface of the base material from the surface-treating agent:

R.sup.F1.sub.α—X.sup.A—R.sup.Si.sub.β  (1)

R.sup.Si.sub.γ—X.sup.A—R.sup.F2—X.sup.A—R.sup.Si.sub.γ  (2).

A method for producing an article including a substrate and a surface-treating layer formed from a surface-treating agent containing a fluorine-containing silane compound formed thereon, the method including: simultaneously depositing Si and another metal on the substrate to form an intermediate layer containing a composite oxide containing Si; and forming a surface-treating layer directly on the intermediate layer, wherein, the fluorine-containing silane compound is at least one fluoropolyether group-containing compound represented by the following formula (1) or (2):

R.sup.F1.sub.α—X.sup.A—R.sup.Si.sub.β  (1)

R.sup.Si.sub.γ—X.sup.A—R.sup.F2—X.sup.A—R.sup.Si.sub.γ  (2)

where R.sup.F1, R.sup.F2, R.sup.Si, X.sup.A, α, β and γ are as defined herein.

A method for producing an article including a substrate and a surface-treating layer formed from a surface-treating agent containing a fluorine-containing silane compound formed thereon, the method including: simultaneously depositing Si and another metal on the substrate to form an intermediate layer containing a composite oxide containing Si; and forming a surface-treating layer directly on the intermediate layer, wherein, the fluorine-containing silane compound is at least one fluoropolyether group-containing compound represented by the following formula (1) or (2):

R.sup.F1.sub.α—X.sup.A—R.sup.Si.sub.β  (1)

R.sup.Si.sub.γ—X.sup.A—R.sup.F2—X.sup.A—R.sup.Si.sub.γ  (2)

where R.sup.F1, R.sup.F2, R.sup.Si, X.sup.A, α, β and γ are as defined herein.

A bio-electrode composition contains (A) a composite of an ionic polymer material and particles. The component (A) contains the particles bonding to the polymer containing a repeating unit having a structure selected from the group consisting of salts of ammonium, lithium, sodium, potassium, and silver formed with any of fluorosulfonic acid, fluorosulfonimide, and N-carbonyl-fluorosulfonamide. Thus, the present invention provides: a bio-electrode composition capable of forming a living body contact layer for a bio-electrode which is excellent in electric conductivity and biocompatibility, light-weight, and manufacturable at low cost, and which prevents significant reduction in the electric conductivity even when wetted with water or dried; a bio-electrode including a living body contact layer formed of the bio-electrode composition; and a method for manufacturing the bio-electrode.

A bio-electrode composition contains (A) a composite of an ionic polymer material and particles. The component (A) contains the particles bonding to the polymer containing a repeating unit having a structure selected from the group consisting of salts of ammonium, lithium, sodium, potassium, and silver formed with any of fluorosulfonic acid, fluorosulfonimide, and N-carbonyl-fluorosulfonamide. Thus, the present invention provides: a bio-electrode composition capable of forming a living body contact layer for a bio-electrode which is excellent in electric conductivity and biocompatibility, light-weight, and manufacturable at low cost, and which prevents significant reduction in the electric conductivity even when wetted with water or dried; a bio-electrode including a living body contact layer formed of the bio-electrode composition; and a method for manufacturing the bio-electrode.

An example of an anti-coalescing agent for a three-dimensional (3D) printing process includes a vehicle and an anti-coalescing polymer dispersed in the vehicle. The vehicle includes a co-solvent, a surfactant, a humectant, and water. The anti-coalescing polymer has a mean particle size ranging from about 50 nm to about 195 nm, and the anti-coalescing polymer is to coat polymeric build material particles to prevent the polymeric build material particles from coalescing during electromagnetic radiation exposure of the 3D printing process.

A universal slip and levelling additive having a recoatable or reprintable property contains polyoxyalkylene-polysiloxane copolymers of general formula (I)

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1=identical and/or different alkyl radicals having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, preferably having 1-4 carbon atoms, particularly preferably having 1 or 2 carbon atoms; R═R.sup.1 and/or —C.sub.pH.sub.2pO[(C.sub.2H.sub.4O).sub.x(C.sub.3H.sub.6O).sub.y]R.sup.2, where p=2, 3 or 4, with the proviso that at least one R═—C.sub.pH.sub.2pO[(C.sub.2H.sub.4O).sub.x(C.sub.3H.sub.6O).sub.y]—; R.sup.2=alkyl radical having 1 to 3 carbon atoms; n≥45; m=1 to 5; and wherein x and y are selected such that the molecular weight of the polyoxyalkylene block [(C.sub.2H.sub.4O).sub.x(C.sub.3H.sub.6O).sub.y] is >3000 g/mol and the molar weight ratio of x to y is <0.8.

A composition contains a polyorganosiloxane dispersed in a combination of a condensation product of a polysiloxane resin and a polyoxyalkylene polymer, and a non-aqueous fluid carrier; wherein the weight-ratio of non-aqueous fluid carrier to condensation product is 0.5 or more and 10 or less; the weight-ratio of the combination of condensation product and non-aqueous fluid carrier to polyorganosiloxane is 0.01 or more and 0.50 or less; and wherein the composition contains less than one weight-part aromatic solvent per million weight parts composition.

This water-repellent, oil-repellent member is obtained via, inter alia, a method having: a step for wet-coating a substrate surface with a solution that contains a solvent and an organosilicon compound comprising multiple silanol groups in the molecule; a step for drying the solvent to form and laminate a primer layer on the substrate surface; a step for wet-coating the outer surface of the primer layer with a solution containing a hydrolyzable fluorine-containing compound and a solvent, and subsequently drying the solvent, or dry-coating the outer surface of the primer layer with a hydrolyzable fluorine-containing compound obtained by evaporating the solvent from the solution; and a step for curing the hydrolyzable fluorine-containing compound to form and laminate a water-repellent, oil-repellent layer on the outer surface of the primer layer. The water-repellent, oil-repellent member is obtained by providing, on various substrates: a primer layer of a specific thickness that contains, as a main component, an organosilicon compound having multiple silanol groups in the molecule; and, on the outer surface of the primer layer, a water-repellent, oil-repellent layer of a specific thickness that contains, as a main component, the cured hydrolyzable fluorine-containing compound. The water-repellent, oil-repellent member makes it possible for a water-repellent, oil-repellent coating exhibiting superior abrasion resistance and antistatic properties to be stably and straightforwardly formed on various substrates.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a coating film capable of realizing satisfactory sliding properties in addition to water- and oil-repellent properties and wear resistance evaluated by a static contact angle, and a coating composition for obtaining the coating film. The present invention is directed to a fluorine-containing coating film which has a root mean square roughness of less than 3.5 nm and has a perfluoropolyether structure. It is preferred that the coating film has a polysiloxane backbone and further has a structure in which a fluoroalkyl group is directly bonded to a silicon atom of the polysiloxane backbone, and that a sliding angle of 6 μL of a water droplet is 24.3° or less, or a speed of 20 μL of a water droplet sliding on a coating film inclined at 32° is 0.1 cm/second or more.