The present invention pertains to systems, methods, and compositions for liquid phase change, including for active cloud point, e.g., critical solution temperature, adjustment and heating or cooling, e.g., refrigeration, cycles. In some embodiments heat is absorbed, released or both due to phase changes in a liquid system. Advantageously, the phase changes may be controlled by controlling the ingredients or amounts of certain components of the liquid system. Advantages may include lower capital expenditures, lower operating expenses, or both for a diverse and wide range of heating and cooling applications. Such applications include, for example, cooling of data centers, cooled transportation of goods, refrigeration, heat pumps, extractions, ocean thermal energy conversion, and de-icing of roads to name just a few.

A mixed coating material includes: a cold curing resin that undergoes reaction curing at normal room temperature; and a particulate fluororesin. The constituent ratio of the particulate fluororesin in a coating film that is a cured state of the mixed coating material is 43 wt % or more and 82 wt % or less. A wing includes a non-water-repellent coating film that forms an outermost layer in a water droplet impact region in a leading edge portion of the wing; and a water-repellent coating film that is formed of the mixed coating material and that forms an outermost layer in a water-repellent region adjacent to the water droplet impact region P. An anti-icing system includes the wing and a heating unit that heats the water droplet impact region.

Disclosed is a method for preparing an organic environment-friendly snow-melting agent by using salt mud from a two-alkali method, relates to the field of environmental protection and resource utilization of solid wastes. The method includes the following steps: first, stirring and reacting an organic acid and the salt mud from a two-alkali method at room temperature to obtain a slurry; filtering the slurry to obtain a filtrate; the filtrate is then concentrated and dried by centrifugal spray drying to obtain a solid powder; granulating the solid powder. The method not only realizes the recycling of salt mud solid waste, but also greatly reduces the production cost of organic environment-friendly snow melting agent by turning waste into wealth, moreover, due to the existence of trace ions, the ability of melting snow and ice has obvious synergistic effect.

Composition and methods of applying potassium mixtures are disclosed. Applications include: fertilizer and fertilizer additives, freeze conditioning, dust control, coating oil, and fire prevention.

Provided is a solvent borne deicing composition which includes in a solvent, a blend of an inorganic salt, a low molecular weight lignin in an amount of at least 5 weight % (or 10 or 15 or 20 weight %) to 30 or 40 or 50 weight % of the solids, and hemicellulose in an amount of at least 0.1 weight % (or 0.2 or 0.5 or 1.0 or 2.0 or 5.0 weight %) to 20 weight % (or 10 or 15 or 18 or 25 or 30 weight %) of the solids.

A method of producing a deicing brine blend. The method may include providing an amount of sodium chloride component solution, the amount of sodium chloride component solution having a specific gravity of approximately between 1.179 and 1.156. The method may include providing an amount of calcium chloride component solution, the amount of calcium chloride component solution having a specific gravity of approximately 1.294. The method may include providing an amount of a sugar additive component solution. The method may include mixing at least the amount of sodium chloride component solution, the amount of calcium chloride component solution, and the amount of a sugar additive to produce the deicing brine blend. The deicing brine blend may be crystallization-free at least until the deicing brine blend is below 10 degrees Fahrenheit.

Ice-melt compositions including calcium chloride coated with a lignosulfonate material are disclosed. The ice-melt compositions can be useful as ice-melt products with improved safety. Also disclosed are methods of melting ice using an ice-melt composition and methods of making an ice-melt composition.

Disclosed is a method for preparing an organic environment-friendly snow-melting agent by using salt mud from a two-alkali method, relates to the field of environmental protection and resource utilization of solid wastes. The method includes the following steps: first, stirring and reacting an organic acid and the salt mud from a two-alkali method at room temperature to obtain a slurry; filtering the slurry to obtain a filtrate; the filtrate is then concentrated and dried by centrifugal spray drying to obtain a solid powder; granulating the solid powder. The method not only realizes the recycling of salt mud solid waste, but also greatly reduces the production cost of organic environment-friendly snow melting agent by turning waste into wealth, moreover, due to the existence of trace ions, the ability of melting snow and ice has obvious synergistic effect.

An antifogging system of a vehicle includes a windshield provided between a space inside a vehicle cabin and a space outside the vehicle cabin, an antifogging coating provided on a surface of the windshield facing the vehicle cabin and configured to absorb water adhering to a surface the coating into the coating, an air conditioner configured to vaporize water absorbed in the antifogging coating, a humidity sensor configured to detect a humidity in a temperature boundary layer formed along a surface of the antifogging coating facing the vehicle cabin, and a control unit configured to operate the air conditioner when the humidity is equal to or higher than a predetermined threshold.

The invention relates to a motor vehicle deicing fluid comprising: at least one alkali metal salt, the weight percentage of all of the at least one alkali metal salt, in the fluid, being between 0.0001% and 50%, and at least water, the weight percentage of water in the fluid being between 0.0001% and 99.9999%.