A refrigerating oil comprising a lubricating base oil, a first extreme pressure agent containing sulfur and phosphorus as constituent elements and a second extreme pressure agent containing phosphorus but not containing sulfur as constituent elements, and having a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of 0.5 mm.sup.2/s or more and 2.5 mm.sup.2/s or less.

The present invention relates to glycol based heat-transfer fluids exhibiting corrosion inhibition and comprising more than 5 wt. % (by total weight of the composition) of a glycol selected from the group consisting of monoethylene glycol, monopropylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, glycerol or combinations thereof; and more than 1 wt. % (by total weight of the composition) of a short-chain organic carboxylic acid or salt thereof selected from the group consisting of C.sub.2 organic carboxylic acids or salts thereof, C.sub.3 organic carboxylic acids or salts thereof and combinations thereof; wherein the combined amount of the glycol and the short-chain organic carboxylic acid or salt thereof is more than 15 wt. % (by total weight of the composition). The invention further relates to concentrates for the preparation of said heat-transfer fluids, to methods for the preparation of said heat-transfer fluids, and to the methods and uses employing said heat-transfer fluids.

Hollow spherical particles which include: an inorganic particle layer including ceramic particles and conductive carbon-based particles; and a polymer coating layer surrounding the inorganic particle layer, and in which the inorganic particle layer surrounds an empty inner space to form the hollow spherical particles. A method of manufacturing the hollow spherical particles and a heat-dissipating fluid composition including the hollow spherical particles.

Hollow spherical particles which include: an inorganic particle layer including ceramic particles and conductive carbon-based particles; and a polymer coating layer surrounding the inorganic particle layer, and in which the inorganic particle layer surrounds an empty inner space to form the hollow spherical particles. A method of manufacturing the hollow spherical particles and a heat-dissipating fluid composition including the hollow spherical particles.

The present invention relates to heat-transfer fluids with low conductivity which comprise a base fluid and at least one aliphatic carboxamide and are useful for diverse applications, for example in fuel cells. it was found that aliphatic carboxamides significantly outperform aromatic carboxamides with regard to maintaining low conductivity upon aging at increased temperatures. Furthermore, it was surprisingly found that the compositions in accordance with the invention are capable of maintaining this low electrical conductivity upon aging at increased temperatures in the presence of aluminum substrates.

The present invention provides a thermal management system comprising a housing having an interior space; a heat-generating component disposed within the interior space; a heat exchanger; and a working fluid liquid disposed within the interior space wherein the heat-generating component is in contact with the working fluid. The working fluid comprises a Fischer-Tropsch derived base fluid; an antioxidant and anti-static additives. The system is constructed wherein a constant cyclical flow of working fluid is maintained across the heat-generating components, on to the heat exchanger and then back to the heat-generating component.

The present invention provides a method of thermal management of a heat-generating component comprising partially immersing a heat-generating component in a working fluid and transferring the heat from the heat-generating component using the working fluid in a constant cyclical flow of working fluid across the heat-generating components, on to a heat exchanger and then back to the heat-generating component.

The present invention provides a thermal management system comprising a housing having an interior space; a heat-generating component disposed within the interior space; a heat exchanger; and a working fluid liquid disposed within the interior space wherein the heat-generating component is in contact with the working fluid. The working fluid comprises a Fischer-Tropsch derived base fluid; an antioxidant and anti-static additives. The system is constructed wherein a constant cyclical flow of working fluid is maintained across the heat-generating components, on to the heat exchanger and then back to the heat-generating component.

The present invention provides a method of thermal management of a heat-generating component comprising partially immersing a heat-generating component in a working fluid and transferring the heat from the heat-generating component using the working fluid in a constant cyclical flow of working fluid across the heat-generating components, on to a heat exchanger and then back to the heat-generating component.

An integrated circuit (IC) package includes a one or more die, a package substrate, a thermal interface material, and a cover. The cover is disposed over or above the one or more die. The thermal interface material includes a surface modified metal and a silicon monomer.

An integrated circuit (IC) package includes a one or more die, a package substrate, a thermal interface material, and a cover. The cover is disposed over or above the one or more die. The thermal interface material includes a surface modified metal and a silicon monomer.

The present invention relates to the use, for increasing the power of a transformer, of at least one dielectric fluid of general formula (1):

(A-X).sub.n-B  (1)

in which A and B, which are identical or different, represent, independently of each other, an optionally substituted aromatic ring, X represents a spacer group and n represents 0, 1, 2 or 3.
The invention also relates to a transformer containing at least one dielectric fluid of general formula (1).