This invention is in the field of expandable, exothermic gel-forming compositions that are predominately useful in the consumer products and medical industries. More particularly, it relates to the use of expandable particulate exothermic gel-forming compositions with efficient and long-lasting heat production for heating surfaces and objects without the need for electricity or combustible fuel.

A cooling device uses an endothermic chemical reaction for cooling. The cooling device includes a sealed casing with at least two reagents that generate an endothermic chemical reaction when they come into contact. The cooling device further includes a separating membrane separating the reagents in a storage position; a contact-making system which can be activated and configured to bring the reagents into contact with one another when activated, an interface element for activating the contact-making system; and a thermal interface with a thermally conductive metal base plate. One of the surfaces of the base plate is subjected to the endothermic chemical reaction, and the other surface of the base plate is accessible from outside the cooling device.

The present invention relates to a chemical heating system for molecular diagnostic tests, comprising an air-activatable chemical heating composition, and a water-activatable chemical heating composition.

The present invention relates to a chemical heating system for molecular diagnostic tests, comprising an air-activatable chemical heating composition, and a water-activatable chemical heating composition.

A portable, heated scent, odor, and/or molecule dispense system is provided, as well as devices and methods for doing the same. The portable systems and methods to dispense molecules may contain a liquid, gel, solid, foam, or other material-based formulation so as to attract, repel, kill, mask, or otherwise use the molecules. The portable system and methods may include a housing; a molecule holding pad in the housing; a first chemical reaction heat source in the housing; and a second chemical reaction heat source in the housing, wherein the molecule holding pad is arranged between the first chemical reaction heat source and the second chemical reaction heat source, and wherein the first chemical reaction heat source and the second chemical reaction heat source are each reactive to oxygen.

A portable, heated scent, odor, and/or molecule dispense system is provided, as well as devices and methods for doing the same. The portable systems and methods to dispense molecules may contain a liquid, gel, solid, foam, or other material-based formulation so as to attract, repel, kill, mask, or otherwise use the molecules. The portable system and methods may include a housing; a molecule holding pad in the housing; a first chemical reaction heat source in the housing; and a second chemical reaction heat source in the housing, wherein the molecule holding pad is arranged between the first chemical reaction heat source and the second chemical reaction heat source, and wherein the first chemical reaction heat source and the second chemical reaction heat source are each reactive to oxygen.

Systems and methods for injecting a carbonate-based sacrificial material into a nuclear reactor containment for containment of molten corium in severe nuclear reactor accidents are disclosed. Molten corium can be quickly cooled and solidified by the endothermic decomposition of the sacrificial material.

A cooling tape and cooling pad. In a most general embodiment, the inventive tape includes a first layer of thermally conductive material; a second layer of thermal insulation; and a third layer of endothermic material, sandwiched between the first and second layers. The third layer is constructed with reactants effective to cause an endothermic chemical reaction. In a first embodiment, the invention provides a beverage cooling device. In a second embodiment, the invention provides a pipe cooling/freezing device. The cooling pad is implemented with a first layer of thermally conductive material; a second layer of material; and a third layer of endothermic material, sandwiched between the first and second layers. In the illustrative embodiment, the third layer has a contour effective to create suction whereby the pad adheres to a surface to be cooled.

A cooling tape and cooling pad. In a most general embodiment, the inventive tape includes a first layer of thermally conductive material; a second layer of thermal insulation; and a third layer of endothermic material, sandwiched between the first and second layers. The third layer is constructed with reactants effective to cause an endothermic chemical reaction. In a first embodiment, the invention provides a beverage cooling device. In a second embodiment, the invention provides a pipe cooling/freezing device. The cooling pad is implemented with a first layer of thermally conductive material; a second layer of material; and a third layer of endothermic material, sandwiched between the first and second layers. In the illustrative embodiment, the third layer has a contour effective to create suction whereby the pad adheres to a surface to be cooled.

The present invention relates to a heating element composition, and a method of manufacturing an eye mask pack, which shows that a heating temperature is regular, and heat is uniformly generated, a heating pack is able to be worn in a state of coming into close contact even with a curved surface, a preservation period is long, and the heating temperature and time for which heat is generated can be adjusted minutely. Also, the present invention relates to a device of manufacturing an eye mask pack which is capable of manufacturing self-heating packs rapidly even without the use of nitrogen.