Systems and methods for injecting a carbonate-based sacrificial material into a nuclear reactor containment for containment of molten corium in severe nuclear reactor accidents are disclosed. Molten corium can be quickly cooled and solidified by the endothermic decomposition of the sacrificial material.

An object of the present invention is to provide a water absorbent resin powder for a heat-generating element composition, which suppresses the generation of the aggregates derived from the water absorbent resin and the adhesion of the water absorbent resin in the production of a heat-generating element composition.

A present inventive water absorbent resin powder for a heat-generating element composition includes polyacrylic acid (salt)-based water absorbent resin powder which have a bulk specific gravity (specified by JIS K3362) of 0.630 g/cm.sup.3 or less, fluid retention capacity without load (CRC) for a 0.9% by weight aqueous solution of sodium chloride (specified by ERT441.01-2) of 32.0 g/g or less, a weight-average particle diameter (specified by sieve classification) of 250 μm or more, and an amount of a residual glycidyl-based crosslinking agent of 10 ppm or less.

A portable device for cooling a container, such as a beverage, while providing a source of illumination. The portable device may have one or more inner packets containing one or more chemicals, within an outer packet containing one or more chemicals, whereby breaching the one or more inner packets causes the contents of the one or more inner packets to combine with the contents of the outer packet, resulting in one or more chemical reactions that lower the temperature of the outer surface of the outer packet and generate light.

A portable device for cooling a container, such as a beverage, while providing a source of illumination. The portable device may have one or more inner packets containing one or more chemicals, within an outer packet containing one or more chemicals, whereby breaching the one or more inner packets causes the contents of the one or more inner packets to combine with the contents of the outer packet, resulting in one or more chemical reactions that lower the temperature of the outer surface of the outer packet and generate light.

The formula of the flameless automatic food heating agent comprises 1 to 5 parts of aluminum powder, 3 to 10 parts of carbon powder, 5 to 25 parts of magnesium powder, 10 to 25 parts of iron powder and 1 to 5 parts of anticoagulant. The preparing of the flameless automatic food heating agent bags (3) comprises the following steps: placing two pieces of food heating agent bags (3) in two sides of a sealed food packaging (2) before putting into a water-proof heating bag (1); adding water into the water-proof heating bag (1) to let food heating agent bags (3) to absorb water; bending an opening side of the water-proof heating bag (1) to seal the opening side; vaporizing water in the water-proof heating bag (1); placing the water-proof heating bag (1) for 10 to 15 minutes; heating food in the sealed food packaging (2) to 60 C. to 80 C.

The formula of the flameless automatic food heating agent comprises 1 to 5 parts of aluminum powder, 3 to 10 parts of carbon powder, 5 to 25 parts of magnesium powder, 10 to 25 parts of iron powder and 1 to 5 parts of anticoagulant. The preparing of the flameless automatic food heating agent bags (3) comprises the following steps: placing two pieces of food heating agent bags (3) in two sides of a sealed food packaging (2) before putting into a water-proof heating bag (1); adding water into the water-proof heating bag (1) to let food heating agent bags (3) to absorb water; bending an opening side of the water-proof heating bag (1) to seal the opening side; vaporizing water in the water-proof heating bag (1); placing the water-proof heating bag (1) for 10 to 15 minutes; heating food in the sealed food packaging (2) to 60 C. to 80 C.

A chain-reactive, heat-generating microcapsule comprises a first compartment including a first component and a second compartment including a second component. An isolating structure separates the first and second compartments. The isolating structure may rupture when heated above a normal ambient temperature and/or in response to a compressive force. The first component reacts with the second component to produce heat. The microcapsule may further incorporate a blowing agent that responds to heating. In some embodiments, a core within the first compartment comprises a blowing agent material that responds to the heat produced when the first and second components react. The microcapsules can be incorporated into a material comprising a heat-curable resin precursor such that heat generated by the microcapsules can be used to cure the resin precursor.

A chain-reactive, heat-generating microcapsule comprises a first compartment including a first component and a second compartment including a second component. An isolating structure separates the first and second compartments. The isolating structure may rupture when heated above a normal ambient temperature and/or in response to a compressive force. The first component reacts with the second component to produce heat. The microcapsule may further incorporate a blowing agent that responds to heating. In some embodiments, a core within the first compartment comprises a blowing agent material that responds to the heat produced when the first and second components react. The microcapsules can be incorporated into a material comprising a heat-curable resin precursor such that heat generated by the microcapsules can be used to cure the resin precursor.

A means can be used instead of or with conventional temperature control to achieve warming device temperature control at a lower cost, prevent or reduce deterioration of a warming device over time, and lower generated heat temperature due to storage at high temperatures. The warming device can be used for the same. A higher level temperature control means can be used for warming devices for medical applications. An improved warming device can be used for medical applications with a high level of safety and efficacy. A temperature control agent controls a maximum temperature of a warming device with a heat generating composition that generates heat by reaction with oxygen. Said agent includes an aliphatic compound that has a particle form that will not pass through a standard sieve with a #60 mesh, a melting point of 35-65 C., and an aqueous solubility (g/100 mL) at 20 C. of 5.

A means can be used instead of or with conventional temperature control to achieve warming device temperature control at a lower cost, prevent or reduce deterioration of a warming device over time, and lower generated heat temperature due to storage at high temperatures. The warming device can be used for the same. A higher level temperature control means can be used for warming devices for medical applications. An improved warming device can be used for medical applications with a high level of safety and efficacy. A temperature control agent controls a maximum temperature of a warming device with a heat generating composition that generates heat by reaction with oxygen. Said agent includes an aliphatic compound that has a particle form that will not pass through a standard sieve with a #60 mesh, a melting point of 35-65 C., and an aqueous solubility (g/100 mL) at 20 C. of 5.