Provided is a frac plug or the like capable of being inserted into a borehole to seal the borehole with high strength, and then quickly disassembled and removed, thereby efficiently producing petroleum. A frac plug according to the present embodiment has a member made of a magnesium (Mg) alloy. The member has a multi-phase structure including a first phase, which is a matrix phase, and a second phase present in the first phase. In the multi-phase structure, the second phase is distributed in a substantially striped pattern in the first phase in a first cross section perpendicular to a second direction of the frac plug, and distributed in a substantially mesh-like pattern in the first phase in a second cross section perpendicular to a first direction of the frac plug.

Techniques of the present disclosure relate to validating data for a composition design. A method comprises applying a machine learning model to at least two inputs comprising parameters of a cement composition and experimental conditions such that the machine learning model outputs at least one predicted property of the cement composition; performing a laboratory experiment to determine at least one experimental property of the cement composition; calculating an error between the at least one predicted property and the at least one experimental property; and recording the experimental data in a cement property database if the error is within an error range or repeating the performing the laboratory experiment if the error is outside the error range.

Techniques of the present disclosure relate to validating data for a composition design. A method comprises applying a machine learning model to at least two inputs comprising parameters of a cement composition and experimental conditions such that the machine learning model outputs at least one predicted property of the cement composition; performing a laboratory experiment to determine at least one experimental property of the cement composition; calculating an error between the at least one predicted property and the at least one experimental property; and recording the experimental data in a cement property database if the error is within an error range or repeating the performing the laboratory experiment if the error is outside the error range.

Methods and compositions are provided that relate to cementing operations. Methods and compositions that include pumice in geopolymer cement compositions comprising slag.

Methods and compositions are provided that relate to cementing operations. Methods and compositions that include pumice in geopolymer cement compositions comprising slag.

Wellbore synthesis techniques are disclosed suitable for use in geothermal applications. Embodiments are provided where open hole drilled wellbores are sealed while drilling to form an impervious layer at the wellbore/formation interface. The techniques may be chemical, thermal, mechanical, biological and are fully intended to irreversibly damage the formation in terms of the permeability thereof. With the permeability negated, the wellbore may be used to create a closed loop surface to surface geothermal well operable in the absence of well casing for maximizing thermal transfer to a circulating working fluid. Formulations for the working and drilling fluids are disclosed.

Wellbore synthesis techniques are disclosed suitable for use in geothermal applications. Embodiments are provided where open hole drilled wellbores are sealed while drilling to form an impervious layer at the wellbore/formation interface. The techniques may be chemical, thermal, mechanical, biological and are fully intended to irreversibly damage the formation in terms of the permeability thereof. With the permeability negated, the wellbore may be used to create a closed loop surface to surface geothermal well operable in the absence of well casing for maximizing thermal transfer to a circulating working fluid. Formulations for the working and drilling fluids are disclosed.

The present disclosure relates to designing compositions based on toughness. A method comprises (a) selecting at least a cementitious material and concentration thereof and a water and concentration thereof to form a cement slurry recipe; (b) calculating a toughness for the cement slurry recipe using a toughness model wherein the toughness model comprises an input of physicochemical properties of components of the cement slurry recipe; (c) comparing the toughness of the cement slurry recipe to a toughness requirement; (d) repeating steps (a)-(c) if the calculated toughness of the cement slurry recipe does not meet or exceed the toughness requirement, wherein each repeated step of selecting comprises selecting different concentrations and/or different chemical identities for at least the cementitious material and/or water than previously selected; and (e) preparing a cement slurry based on the cement slurry recipe, the cement slurry including a toughness that meets or exceeds the toughness requirement.

The present disclosure relates to designing compositions based on toughness. A method comprises (a) selecting at least a cementitious material and concentration thereof and a water and concentration thereof to form a cement slurry recipe; (b) calculating a toughness for the cement slurry recipe using a toughness model wherein the toughness model comprises an input of physicochemical properties of components of the cement slurry recipe; (c) comparing the toughness of the cement slurry recipe to a toughness requirement; (d) repeating steps (a)-(c) if the calculated toughness of the cement slurry recipe does not meet or exceed the toughness requirement, wherein each repeated step of selecting comprises selecting different concentrations and/or different chemical identities for at least the cementitious material and/or water than previously selected; and (e) preparing a cement slurry based on the cement slurry recipe, the cement slurry including a toughness that meets or exceeds the toughness requirement.

A treatment fluid can be provided for controlling annular pressure-buildup in a wellbore. The treatment fluid can include a base fluid and a pozzolanic material that can be dispersed within the base fluid. The pozzolanic material can cause the treatment fluid to controllably consolidate in an annulus of the wellbore for controlling annular pressure-buildup in the wellbore.