A quantum dot, a quantum dot composite including the quantum dot, a composition for preparing the quantum dot composite, a display panel including the quantum dot composite, and an electronic apparatus including the display panel. The quantum dot includes a semiconductor nanocrystal core including indium and phosphorus, the semiconductor nanocrystal core having an emission peak wavelength from about 600 nm to about 650 nm, or an emission peak wavelength from about 500 nm to about 550 nm, and an area of a peak from about 400° C. to about 500° C. is 0.17 times to 0.5 times relative to an area of a peak from about 200° C. to about 300° C. in a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) graph as determined with a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC).

Provided are a method of manufacturing a multi-component semiconductor nanocrystal, a multi-component semiconductor nanocrystal manufactured by the method, and a quantum dot including the same. The method includes irradiating microwaves to a semiconductor nanocrystal synthesis composition, and the semiconductor nanocrystal synthesis composition includes a precursor including a Group I element, a precursor including a Group II element, a precursor including a Group III element, a precursor including a Group V element, a precursor including a Group VI element, or any combination thereof.

A semi-transparent perovskite-based photovoltaic cell (or solar cell), wherein the photoactive perovskite layer includes at least one polysaccharide-based inert polymer in an amount ranging between 0.5% by weight and 3.5% by weight, preferably ranging between 1% by weight and 3% by weight, more preferably ranging between 1.5% by weight and 2.8% by weight, with respect to the total weight of the perovskite precursors. The semi-transparent perovskite-based photovoltaic cell (or solar cell) can be advantageously used in various applications that require the production of electricity through the exploitation of light energy, in particular solar radiation energy such as, for example: building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems; photovoltaic windows; greenhouses; photo-bioreactors; noise barriers; lighting; design; advertising; automotive industry. Said semi-transparent perovskite-based photovoltaic cell (or solar cell) can be used either in a “stand alone” mode or in modular systems.

A bi-phased approach between good solvents (or non-polar) and bad solvents (polar) can be used to assemble nanorods into highly ordered monolayers or multilayers of ordered nanorod arrays. These ordered nanorod arrays can display unique optical properties. For example, ordered arrays of CdSe/CdS core/shell nanorods were assembled that display polarized photoluminescence.

A quantum dot composition, including a first quantum dot and a second quantum dot, wherein a valence band maximum energy level of the first quantum dot is different from a valence band maximum energy level of the second quantum dot, as determined by ambient photoelectron spectroscopy, and an energy band gap of the first quantum dot is identical to an energy band gap of the second quantum dot, as determined by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy.

An organic light-emitting device (OLED) includes a first electrode, a second electrode, an emission layer between the first electrode and the second electrode and including an electron-transporting host and a hole-transporting host, a hole transport region between the first electrode and the emission layer and including a hole transport layer, and an electron transport region between the emission layer and the second electrode and including an electron transport layer, wherein the OLED satisfies Equations 1 and 2 below:
0.75 eV≤|LUMO.sub.H(ET)−LUMO.sub.H(HT)|≤0.90 eV  <Equation 1>
|E(S.sub.1,H(ET))−E(S.sub.1,H(HT))|<0.15 eV  <Equation 2> wherein in Equations 1 and 2, LUMO.sub.H(ET) refers to a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of the electron-transporting host, LUMO.sub.H(HT) refers to an LUMO energy level of the hole-transporting host, E(S.sub.1, H(ET)) refers to a singlet energy level of the electron-transporting host, and E(S.sub.1, H(HT)) refers to a singlet energy level of the hole-transporting host.

This invention discloses oligosilane compounds. These compounds can be used in OLEDs.

Specific polycyclic compounds of the general formula (I) and a process for its preparation, an electronic device comprising at least one of these compounds, an emitting layer, preferably present in an electronic device, comprising at least one compound of general formula (I) and the use of compounds according to general formula (I) in an electronic device as a host material, a charge transporting material, charge and/or exciton blocking material, preferably as a host material or an electron transporting material. ##STR00001##

A scintillator structure includes a plurality of cells and a reflector covering the plurality of cells. Here, each of the plurality of cells includes a resin and a phosphor, and the phosphor contains gadolinium oxysulfide. A breaking strength of an interface between each of the plurality of cells and the reflector is 900 gf or more.

A light emitting material includes: luminescent nanoparticles; and an ionic crystal containing an anionic component represented by formula (1) below. In the formula, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently denote a fluorine atom or a fluoroalkyl group, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each denote a fluoroalkylene group to be connected to each other to form a ring. ##STR00001##