Disclosed herein is a material, comprising a first metal halide that is operative to function as a scintillator; where the first metal halide excludes cesium iodide, strontium iodide, and cesium bromide; and a surface layer comprising a second metal halide that is disposed on a surface of the first metal halide; where the second metal halide has a lower water solubility than the first metal halide.

The present invention relates to quantum emitters and photochemical methods of creating such emitters, including semiconductor hosts comprising chemically incorporated fluorescent defects.

A light-emitting element includes the following: a first electrode and a second electrode; a light-emitting layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode; and a functional layer disposed between the light-emitting layer and the second electrode, wherein the light-emitting layer has a first quantum dot portion including a first quantum dot, and a second quantum dot portion including a second quantum dot, and disposed between the first quantum dot portion and the functional layer, and one of the first quantum dot portion and the second quantum dot portion contains halogen elements at a predetermined concentration, and the other of the first quantum dot portion and the second quantum dot portion contains no halogen elements or contains halogen elements at a lower concentration than the predetermined concentration.

A method for synthesizing nanoparticles with a predetermined size at high or full yield comprises mixing a first precursor material comprising a first compound comprising a halide moiety and a metal or a metalloid, a second precursor material comprising a second compound comprising a polyatomic nonmetal, and a solvent. The method further comprises heating the mixture to colloidally form nanoparticles comprising the polyatomic nonmetal and the metal or metalloid. The halide moiety is selected such as to colloidally form the nanoparticles in a predetermined size range that is at least partially determined by this halide moiety.

An object of the present invention is to provide a luminescent particle having an emission maximum wavelength in a long wavelength range of 680 nm or longer and exhibiting a high quantum yield; and a compound having an emission maximum wavelength in a long wavelength range of 680 nm or longer and exhibiting a high quantum yield in the particles. According to the present invention, provided is a luminescent particle containing at least one kind of compound represented by Formula (1) (definitions of substituents in the formula are as set forth in the description) and a particle. ##STR00001##

The disclosure provides a precursor solution, a perovskite solar cell and a preparation method thereof. The solute of the precursor solution includes a metal halide, the solvent of the precursor solution is an organic solvent, and the precursor solution contains nanobubbles, which have a diameter not more than 1000 nm, and the zeta potential of the precursor solution does not exceed-20 mV. The method of preparing the precursor solution includes: (1) preparing an organic solvent containing nanobubbles; (2) dissolving a solute in the organic solvent containing nanobubbles. The precursor solution of the disclosure has a very low zeta potential, and the nanobubbles can exist stably in the organic solvent(s) for up to one month. When comparing with traditional methods for preparing the precursor solution of the perovskite cells, the method for preparing the precursor solution of the disclosure can effectively improve the stability, reproducibility and solubility of the metal halide in the organic solvent(s).

A method for manufacturing a photodetector and a method for manufacturing an image sensor includes forming a first electrode on a support; filtering a quantum dot dispersion liquid containing quantum dots having a maximal absorption in terms of absorbance in a wavelength range of 900 to 1700 nm, a ligand, and a solvent, and forming a semiconductor film containing quantum dots on the first electrode by using the filtered quantum dot dispersion liquid; and forming a second electrode on the semiconductor film.