Codoped lutetium-based oxyorthosilicate scintillators (e.g., lutetium oxyorthosilicase (LSO) and lutetium-ytrrium oxyorthosilicate (LYSO) scintillators) codoped with transition metal ions (e.g., Cu.sup.2+) are described. The codoping can alter one or more optical and/or scintillation property of the scintillator material. For example, the codoping can increase scintillation light yield and/or decrease scintillation decay time. Radiation detectors comprising the scintillators, methods of detecting high energy radiation using the radiation detectors, and methods of altering one or more scintillation and/or optical properties of a lutetium-based oxyorthosilicate scintillator are also described.

A β-sialon phosphor that is a solid solution of europium, in which D.sub.50 is 7.0 μm or more and 20.0 μm or less and (D.sub.50−D.sub.10)/D.sub.50 is 0.60 or less, where D.sub.50 is a 50% area diameter of primary particles of the β-sialon phosphor, and D.sub.10 is a 10% area diameter of the primary particles of the β-sialon phosphor. Primary particles are defined as single-crystal particles distinguished for each crystal orientation by identifying the crystal orientation of individual particles of the β-sialon phosphor by an electron backscatter diffraction image method. D.sub.50 and D.sub.10 are obtained by image analysis of the cross-sectional area of the primary particles.

Provided is a method for producing a fluoride phosphor. The method includes: providing a first solution containing an element M.sup.1 containing at least one selected from the group consisting of group 13 elements, manganese, and fluorine, a second solution containing an element M.sup.2 containing at least one selected from the group consisting of group 4 elements and group 14 elements, and a third solution containing at least one selected from the group consisting of alkali metal elements; and adding the second solution and the third solution to the first solution at substantially the same time.

The present disclosure discloses, in one arrangement, a scintillator material made of a metal halide with one or more additional group-13 elements. An example of such a compound is Ce:LaBr.sub.3 with thallium (Tl) added, either as a codopant or in a stoichiometric admixture and/or solid solution between LaBr.sub.3 and TlBr. In another arrangement, the above single crystalline iodide scintillator material can be made by first synthesizing a compound of the above composition and then forming a single crystal from the synthesized compound by, for example, the Vertical Gradient Freeze method. Applications of the scintillator materials include radiation detectors and their use in medical and security imaging.

An ultraviolet light emitting phosphor for mercury-free lamps is a phosphor composed of a phosphate containing at least two metal elements selected from the group consisting of group 13 elements and lanthanoid series elements, and is excited to emit ultraviolet by irradiation with vacuum ultraviolet rays or an electron beam.

A processing apparatus includes a chuck table having a holding surface for holding a workpiece; a horizontal moving mechanism that moves the chuck table in a horizontal direction and is supplied with a first oil; and a vertical moving mechanism that moves a processing unit in a vertical direction and is supplied with a second oil. Before mounting the workpiece on the holding surface, the holding surface is imaged by a camera while being irradiated with light, and it is examined whether or not the picked-up image is emitting light. If there is a light-emitting part in the picked-up image, it is determined that oil is adhered to the light-emitting part.

Phosphors include a CaAlSiN.sub.3 family crystal phase, wherein the CaAlSiN.sub.3 family crystal phase comprises at least one element selected from the group consisting of Mn, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Yb.

Provided is a ceramic composite material and a wavelength converter. The ceramic composite material includes: an alumina matrix, a fluorescent powder uniformly distributed in the alumina matrix, and scattering centers uniformly distributed in the alumina matrix, wherein the alumina matrix is an alumina ceramics, the scattering centers are alumina particles, the alumina particles each have a particle diameter of 1 μm to 10 μm, and the fluorescent powder has a particle diameter of 13 μm to 20 μm.

[Object] An electric conductivity-measuring material which emits light according to electric conductivity of a measurement object; an electric conductivity-measuring film containing the material; and an electric conductivity-measuring device and an electric conductivity-measuring method using the electric conductivity-measuring film are provided. An electric resistivity-measuring material which emits light according to electric resistivity of a measurement object when electrons are made incident; an electric resistivity-measuring film containing the material; and an electric resistivity-measuring device and an electric resistivity-measuring method using the electric resistivity-measuring film are also provided. [Solution] An electric conductivity-measuring material is used, which contains at least one of a fluorescent substance, a luminescent substance, an electroluminescent substance, a fractoluminescent substance, a photochromic substance, an afterglow substance, a photostimulated luminescent substance and a mechanoluminescent substance.

A display including a red subpixel, a green subpixel, a blue subpixel and a fourth subpixel including a teal subpixel or a saturated green pixel and an LED light source. Liquid crystal display devices including U.sup.6+-containing phosphors are also provided. Applications for the display include televisions, mobile phones and computer monitors.