Disclosed are combinations of substances for stimulus-dependent release of vapor phase corrosion inhibitors including: (1) a matrix; (2) at least one symmetrical or asymmetrical carboxylic acid anhydride of at least one first carboxylic acid, (3) at least one salt of at least one second, highly volatile corrosion-inhibiting carboxylic acid, wherein (2) is a non-volatile anhydride or an anhydride with low volatility with a vapor pressure of preferably lower than 1×10.sup.−3 Pa at 25° C. The combination is effective to release the first carboxylic acid(s) by hydrolysis of the anhydride and release the second carboxylic acid(s) of (3) from its salt by proton transfer from first carboxylic acid(s), so that the second carboxylic acid(s) is/are present as a corrosion inhibitor in the vapor phase. Also disclosed are methods for producing and using the combinations for corrosion protection of conventional industrially used metals, in, e.g., packing, storage and transport processes.

Methods and compositions for inhibiting corrosion of a corrodible metal surface that contact a nitrogen-containing solution. The method comprises adding a chemical treatment composition to the nitrogen-containing solution that includes an organic filmer and a passivator. The organic filmer may be a hydroxycarboxylic acid. The chemical treatment composition may further include a surface-active compound.

Methods and compositions for inhibiting corrosion of a corrodible metal surface that contact a nitrogen-containing solution. The method comprises adding a chemical treatment composition to the nitrogen-containing solution that includes an organic filmer and a passivator. The organic filmer may be a hydroxycarboxylic acid. The chemical treatment composition may further include a surface-active compound.

Roflumilast crystals have been shown to increase in size during storage. The size of the roflumilast crystals can affect the bioavailability and efficacy of a pharmaceutical composition. The growth of roflumilast crystals can be inhibited during storage by including hexylene glycol in the composition. The resulting composition has improved bioavailability and efficacy and can be used to inhibit phosphodiesterase 4 in a patient in need of such treatment.

Roflumilast crystals have been shown to increase in size during storage. The size of the roflumilast crystals can affect the bioavailability and efficacy of a pharmaceutical composition. The growth of roflumilast crystals can be inhibited during storage by including hexylene glycol in the composition. The resulting composition has improved bioavailability and efficacy and can be used to inhibit phosphodiesterase 4 in a patient in need of such treatment.

The present application provides antioxidant substances having enediol structure that can prevent the decomposition of biopyrrin. Agents for preventing decomposition of biopyrrin include an antioxidant substance having enediol structure, or a salt, an ester or a glycoside thereof, or a solvate, a stereoisomer or a tautomer thereof. In a biological sample to which the agent for preventing decomposition of the invention is added, the decomposition of biopyrrin can be prevented at ambient temperature or lower for a long term.

The present application provides antioxidant substances having enediol structure that can prevent the decomposition of biopyrrin. Agents for preventing decomposition of biopyrrin include an antioxidant substance having enediol structure, or a salt, an ester or a glycoside thereof, or a solvate, a stereoisomer or a tautomer thereof. In a biological sample to which the agent for preventing decomposition of the invention is added, the decomposition of biopyrrin can be prevented at ambient temperature or lower for a long term.

A method for lowering the oxidising power of a liquid or semi-liquid organic composition, as well as of the so-called free organic composition that can be obtained by this method. Also, a free organic composition that can be obtained by the method of the invention, as well as a food, cosmetic or chemical composition or a pharmaceutical composition containing the composition treated by the method.

A method for lowering the oxidising power of a liquid or semi-liquid organic composition, as well as of the so-called free organic composition that can be obtained by this method. Also, a free organic composition that can be obtained by the method of the invention, as well as a food, cosmetic or chemical composition or a pharmaceutical composition containing the composition treated by the method.

A singlet oxygen scavenger includes, as an active component, hexyl diethyl amino hydroxy benzoyl benzoate, 1-(4-methoxy phenyl)-3-(4-tert-butyl phenyl)-1, 3-propanedione, terephthalylidene-3, 3′-dicamphor-10, 10′-disulfonate, 2-ethyl hexyl 4-methoxy cinnamate, or 2-ethyl hexyl 2-cyano-3, 3-diphenyl acrylate; or 2-phenyl benzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid, 4, 4′, 4″-[(1, 3, 5-triazine-2, 4, 6-triyl) tris (imino)] trisbenzoic acid tris (2-ethyl hexyl), octyl salicylate, or 3, 3, 5-trimethyl cyclohexyl salicylate; or 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-(sodiooxysulfonyl) benzophenone, drometrizol trisiloxane, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzophenone, or 4-methyl benzylidene camphor.